《民法典》时代商用人工智能法律地位的商法构设  

Legal Status of Commercial AI in the Wake of Civil Code: Viewed in Terms of Commercial Law Regulation

作　　者：丁凤玲 DING Feng-ling

机构地区：[1]福州大学法学院,福州350116

出　　处：《南京大学学报（哲学．人文科学．社会科学）》2022年第3期45-52,158,共9页Journal of Nanjing University(Philosophy,Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(18VHJ002);国家社会科学基金一般项目(17BFX008)。

摘　　要：随着《中华人民共和国民法典》的颁布实施,中国需要一部独立的“商法通则”统摄商法规范,以健全中国特色社会主义法治体系。商用人工智能是以营利为目的在商事营业中应用的人工智能,这类人工智能可能引发社会动荡,加剧平等主体之间的不平等地位,危害市场秩序,是“商法通则”在人工智能时代必须特别规制的对象。就法律地位而言,从商法理论与规则出发,商用人工智能可以借鉴企业所具有的双重属性,成为既是法律主体又是法律客体的商法存在。具体到规则层面,原则上商用人工智能是主体,特定情况下商用人工智能是客体。登记后的商用人工智能原则上是法律主体,独立承担责任,其设计者、开发者和生产者可以作为类似于股东的“所有者”承担有限责任。在特定情况下,由于商用人工智能具有类似于营业资产的财产属性,所以其可以被“所有者”转让或出租,此时的商用人工智能是法律客体。With the promulgation and implementation of the Civil Code,China is now in need of what could be a General Rules of Commercial Laws to unify the norms of commercial law,so as to perfect the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics. Commercial artificial intelligence( AI) is the one applied in commercial operations for gaining profits. AI of such a kind may lead to social disharmony,disturb social equity and put market order at stake. The proposed General Rules of Commercial Laws must regulate commercial AI. In terms of legal status,it is likely for commercial AI to involve the dual attributes of enterprises,so that the proposed commercial law will be a legal entity with both its own subject and object in its theories and rules.Specifically,commercial AI is normally the subject,and could be the object in the light of actual conditions. The registered commercial AI is in principle a legal subject,with its designers,developers and producers assuming limited liability as“owners”similar to shareholders,whereas commercial AI,with its attribute as property,can be made over or let out by the owners under certain circumstances,thus presenting itself as a legal object.

关 键 词：人工智能 法律地位 商法通则 双重属性 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]