不同磷水平配施生物炭对土壤磷有效性和大豆磷吸收的影响  

Impacts of biochar and phosphorus application on soil phosphorus availability and soybean phosphorus uptake

作　　者：邝曦芝 邓伟明 唐乐乐 黄期 蔡昆争 田纪辉[1,2,3] KUANG Xi-zhi;DENG Wei-ming;TANG Le-le;HUANG Qi;CAI Kun-zheng;TIAN Ji-hui(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture,Guangzhou 510642,China;College of Natural Resources and Environment,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou510642,China;Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment in South China,Ministry of Agriculture,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省生态循环农业重点实验室,广州510642 [2]华南农业大学资源环境学院,广州510642 [3]农业部华南热带农业环境重点实验室,广州510642

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2022年第7期1911-1918,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31870420,41807084);广东省自然科学基金项目(2017A030313177,2018A030310214)资助。

摘　　要：生物炭在提高土壤磷素有效性及促进作物生长方面具有显著作用,但其效果因土壤类型不同存在较大差异。试验以赤红壤(pH 4.91)和褐土(pH 7.24)为供试土壤,设置3种磷肥水平(0、30、90 kg P·hm^(-2),分别以不施磷、低磷、高磷表示)配施稻秆生物炭(0、4%)的大豆盆栽试验,研究了不同磷水平下配施生物炭对土壤磷有效性、磷酸单酯酶活性和植株磷吸收的影响。结果表明:不同磷水平配施生物炭显著提高了两种土壤的速效磷和全磷含量,且低磷水平添加生物炭处理速效磷增幅最大,在赤红壤和褐土的增幅分别为192.6%和237.1%。与低磷相比,赤红壤中低磷配施生物炭处理的碱性磷酸单酯酶活性显著增加78.9%,活性有机磷含量降低39.3%,同时显著促进了植株生长与磷吸收;生物炭添加显著降低了褐土活性有机磷含量,但不同处理对土壤磷酸单酯酶活性和植株生长无显著影响。土壤活性有机磷含量与速效磷含量均呈显著负相关。综上,生物炭对土壤磷有效性的作用因土壤类型和磷肥水平差异而不同,其在赤红壤上对植株生长和磷吸收的促进效应强于褐土,且在低磷条件下效果更佳。本研究为生物炭在减施磷肥和促进大豆磷吸收,特别是在赤红壤上的应用提供了科学依据。Biochar is beneficial to soil phosphorus(P)availability and crop growth,but the effects vary greatly across different soil types.We investigated the effects of rice straw biochar(4%of total mass)and P application(0,30,and 90 kg P·hm^(-2))on soil P availability,phosphomonoesterase activity,and soybean P uptake by using lateritic red soil(pH 4.91)and cinnamon soil(pH 7.24)as test materials.The results showed that biochar application at different P levels significantly increased available P and total P in both soils.Biochar application with 30 kg P·hm^(-2) increased soil available P with maxima at 192.6%and 237.1%in lateritic red soil and cinnamon soil,respectively.Biochar application with 30 kg P·hm^(-2) in lateritic red soil significantly increased the activity of alkaline phosphomonoesterase by 78.9%,decreased the content of active organic P by 39.3%,and subsequently stimulated soybean P absorption and growth.Biochar amendment significantly reduced active organic P content in cinnamon soil,but did not affect soil phosphomonoesterase activity and plant growth.The content of active organic P was significantly negatively correlated with soil available P content.In summary,the effect of biochar on soil P availability varied across different soil types(lateritic red soil>cinnamon soil)and P levels(better at 30 kg P·hm^(-2)).Our results could provide scientific basis for a promising application of biochar in reducing the amount of P fertilizer and increasing soybean P uptake,especially in lateritic red soil.

关 键 词：大豆 生物炭 磷组分 磷酸单酯酶 磷吸收 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]