昆明市土壤重金属污染特征及其生态与健康风险评价  

Ecological and health risk assessment of heavy metals in urban soils from a typical southwest capital city

作　　者：汪洁 龚竞 刘雨佳 于淼 王炜皓 李梦莹[1] 徐武美 向萍 WANG Jie;GONG Jing;LIU Yujia;YU Miao;WANG Weihao;LI Mengying;XU Wumei;XIANG Ping(Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health,School of Ecology and Environment,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming,650224,China;Student affairs office,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming,650224,China;College of Energy and Environmental Science,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学生态与环境学院/环境修复与健康研究院,云南昆明650224 [2]西南林业大学学生工作处,云南昆明650224 [3]云南师范大学能源与环境科学学院,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《轻工学报》2022年第4期118-126,共9页Journal of Light Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41967026);云南省创新团队项目(202005AE160017);云南省农业基础研究联合专项重点项目(202101BD070001-023);云南省高层次人才引进计划项目(YNQR-QNRC-2018-049);国家级大学生创新训练计划项目(202010677004)。

摘　　要：对昆明市4个行政区内生活区土壤中的Cr、As、Cd、Pb、Ni、Cu、Zn、Mn 8种重金属含量进行测定分析,并采用地积累指数法、潜在生态危害指数法以及健康风险模型对其潜在的生态和人群健康风险进行评估。结果表明:研究区域内,除Cr、Ni外,其余6种重金属的平均含量均高于昆明市土壤背景值,但各重金属平均含量均不超过《土壤环境质量建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》(GB 36600-2018)中居住用地的风险筛选值。各重金属的地积累污染程度依次为Zn>Cd>Cu>Mn>Pb>Ni>As>Cr,其中Zn和Cd达到中等污染程度;各重金属潜在生态危害指数值依次为Cd>Ni>Cu>As>Pb>Mn>Cr>Zn,其中Cd具有强潜在生态风险,重金属的综合潜在生态危害指数达到中等风险水平。土壤中重金属对成人和儿童的慢性非致癌风险均小于1,儿童的非致癌风险高于成人;对儿童与成人的致癌风险均处于人体可接受范围内,但由于目前健康风险模型缺少手-口摄入和皮肤接触的致癌斜率因子参考值,该结果可能低估了实际的重金属致癌风险。Concentrations of 8 heavy metals(Cd,Cr,As,Pb,Zn,Mn,Cu,Ni)in soils from the living quarters of four various administrative districts of Kunming were determined.Pollution levels and ecological&health risk were assessed by index of geo-accumulation(I_(geo)),the potential ecological risk index(RI)and human health risk assessment in the study.Results showed that all heavy metals except Cr and Ni exceeded their background values.All of the samples’heavy mental concentrations were lower than the risk screening values for concentration of development land in the national soil environment quality standards(GB 36600—2018).The index of geo-accumulation(I_(geo))data showed Zn>Cd>Cu>Mn>Pb>Ni>As>Cr,and the pollution of Zn and Cd reached the moderate levels.Potential ecological risk index(RI)results showed Cd>Ni>Cu>As>Pb>Mn>Cr>Zn,in which Cd had a strong potential ecological risk,indicating a strong ecological risk,the comprehensive ecological risk index of the study area reached the medium ecological risk level.The non-carcinogenic risk HI of soil heavy metals in Kunming City for adults and children were lower than 1,and the non-carcinogenic risk of children was higher than that of adults;the carcinogenic risk to children and adults was within the acceptable range for humans.However,since the current health risk model lacked reference values for carcinogenic slope factors for hand-to-mouth intake and skin contact,it might underestimate the actual carcinogenic risk of heavy metals in the soil.

关 键 词：城市土壤 重金属污染 生态风险评价 健康风险评价 

分 类 号：X82[环境科学与工程—环境工程]