滇池流域化肥施用及化肥减量增效技术应用效果调查研究  

Research on Chemical Fertilizer Application and Effect of Technology of Fertilizer Reduction and Efficiency Improvement in Dianchi Lake Basin

作　　者：谭海燕[1] 罗聪 任建青[1] 梁志妹 董琼娥 TAN Hai-yan;LUO Cong;REN Jian-qing(Resources and Environment Research Institute,Kunming Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming,Yunnan 650118;Jinning District Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Kunming,Yunnan 650600)

机构地区：[1]昆明市农业科学研究院资源环境研究所,云南昆明650118 [2]昆明市晋宁区农业技术推广中心,云南昆明650600

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2022年第15期132-136,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：农业部耕地质量提升与化肥减量增效项目。

摘　　要：[目的]验证有机肥替代、水肥一体化、新型肥料应用等化肥减量增效技术在滇池流域的减肥效果,为推广化肥减量增效技术、实施农业面源污染治理提供科学数据。[方法]结合滇池流域农业种植结构,对1564户农户开展肥料施用情况调查,并对多年来不同作物、不同耕作制度和种植方式下36组化肥减量增效田间试验进行分析研究。[结果]滇池流域农户施肥较多的为蔬菜,总体平均施肥量为851 kg/hm^(2),最少的为粮食作物,平均值为237 kg/hm^(2),选择适当的化肥减量增效技术可以降低推荐施肥量的10%~20%,并达到稳产增产及提升耕地质量的效果。[结论]化肥减量增效技术应考虑耕作制度、栽培模式、土壤供肥能力等,因地制宜,分区施策。同时,应不断提升农业技术水平,实现增效和水环境保护兼顾的目的。[Objective]The aim was to verify the effect of fertilizer reduction and efficiency technologies such as organic fertilizer substitution,water and fertilizer integration,and new fertilizer application in Dianchi Lake Basin,and to provide scientific data for popularizing chemical fertilizer reduction and efficiency improvement technologies and implementing agricultural non-point source pollution control.[Method]Combined with the agricultural planting structure in Dianchi Lake Basin,the fertilizer application of 1564 farmers was investigated,and 36 groups of field experiments of fertilizer reduction and efficiency improvement under different crops,different farming systems and planting methods were analyzed and studied.[Result]Farmers in Dianchi Lake Basin applied more fertilization to vegetables,with an overall average fertilization rate of 851 kg/hm^(2),and the least amount of fertilization for grain crops,with an average value of 237 kg/hm^(2).Selecting appropriate fertilizer reduction and efficiency enhancement technologies can reduce the recommended amount of fertilizer by more than 10%-20%,and achieve the effect of stabilizing and increasing yield and improving the quality of cultivated land.[Conclusion]The technology of reducing the amount and increasing the efficiency of chemical fertilizers should consider the farming system,cultivation mode,soil nutrient supply capacity,etc.At the same time,the level of agricultural technology should be continuously improved to achieve both efficiency enhancement and water environmental protection.

关 键 词：滇池流域 农户施肥调查 化肥减量增效技术 

分 类 号：S147[农业科学—肥料学]