上部六片烟叶分类采烤对烟叶品质的影响  

Effects of Classified Harvesting and Curing of the Upper Six Tobacco Leaves on the Quality of Tobacco Leaves

作　　者：马浩波[1] 苏新宏[2] 常剑波[2] 韦凤杰 王建安[4] 王勇军[2] 孟智勇[1] 宗胜杰 李军正 张继帅[2] 高相彬[1] MA Hao-bo;SU Xin-hong;CHANG Jian-bo(Tobacco Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xuchang,Henan 461000;Sanmenxia Tobacco Company of Henan Tobacco Company,Sanmenxia,Henan 472000)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院烟草研究所,河南许昌461000 [2]河南省烟草公司三门峡市公司,河南三门峡472000 [3]中国烟草总公司河南省公司,河南郑州450018 [4]河南农业大学,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2022年第15期163-165,170,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河南省烟草公司三门峡市公司科技项目“提高三门峡上部烟叶可用性关键技术研究与示范”(2019411200200092)。

摘　　要：[目的]实现三门峡地区上部六片烟叶一次性成熟采收后合理、精准的烘烤。[方法]结合上部烟叶成熟时不同叶位成熟特征差异,开展上部烟叶分类采烤对烟叶品质的影响研究。[结果]三门峡上部六片烟叶成熟特征存在差异,下三片烟叶成熟特征优于上三片烟叶;与常规上部六片烟叶一次性成熟混合采收相比,采用“上三片”和“下三片”分类采收、分层装烟烘烤,烤后烟叶油分增加,结构疏松,外观质量明显提高;总糖和还原糖含量提高7.49%~13.34%和8.60%~18.76%,烟碱含量降低2.49%~4.71%,所有感官评吸质量指标均得到一定程度提高;烤后上三片烟叶质体色素类降解产物提高5.51%,其他香气物质提高13.87%,而下三片烟叶棕色化反应产物提高100.7%,苯丙氨酸类降解产物提高122.11%。分类采收分层装烟下三片烟叶中性致香物质总量较混合样提升61.57%,上三片烟叶与混合采收样品相当。[结论]上部六片烟叶分类采收、分层烘烤能够提高烤后烟叶外观质量、化学成分协调性以及感官评吸质量,利于上部烟叶品质形成以及可用性的提高。[Objective]In order to realize reasonable and accurate curing of the upper six tobacco leaves in the Sanmenxia area after one-time ripening and harvesting.[Method]Combined with the differences of maturity characteristics of different leaf positions when the upper tobacco leaves were mature,the effects of classified harvesting and curing of the upper tobacco leaves on tobacco quality were studied.[Result]There were differences in the maturity characteristics of the upper six tobacco leaves in Sanmenxia,and the maturity characteristics of the lower three tobacco leaves were better than those of the upper three tobacco leaves.Compared with the conventional one-time ripening and mixed harvesting of the upper six tobacco leaves,the oil content of the cured tobacco leaves increased,the structure was loose and the appearance quality was significantly improved by using the“upper three”and“lower three”classified harvesting and layered tobacco baking.The content of total sugar and reducing sugar increased by 7.49%-13.34%and 8.60%-18.76%,the content of nicotine decreased by 2.49%-4.71%,and all sensory evaluation quality indicators were improved to a certain extent.After curing,the degradation products of plastid pigments in the upper three tobacco leaves increased by 5.51%,and other aroma substances increased by 13.87%,while the browning reaction products of the lower three tobacco leaves increased by 100.7%,and the degradation products of phenylalanine increased by 122.11%.The total amount of neutral aroma substances in the lower three tobacco leaves collected by classification and layered loading was 61.57%higher than that in the mixed sample,and the upper three tobacco leaves were equivalent to that in the mixed sample.[Conclusion]Classified harvesting and layered baking of the upper six tobacco leaves can improve the appearance quality,chemical composition coordination and sensory evaluation quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves,which is conducive to the quality formation and availability of the upper tobacco lea

关 键 词：上部叶 分类采收 烘烤 分层 烟叶品质 

分 类 号：TS44[农业科学—烟草工业]