祁连山区青海地区高原鼠兔潜在生境模拟与鼠害扩散路径识别  

Simulation of potential habitat and prediction of dispersal route of plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) in Qilian Mountains(Qinghai region)

作　　者：汉瑞英 罗遵兰[1] 赵志平[1] 肖能文[1] 史娜娜[1] 孙光[1] HAN Ruiying;LUO Zunlan;ZHAO Zhiping;XIAO Nengwen;SHI Nana;SUN Guang(Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012

出　　处：《福建农林大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第4期546-554,共9页Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：生物多样性调查评估项目(2019HJ2096001006)。

摘　　要：应用生态学“源—汇”理论,以祁连山区为研究区,利用最大熵模型模拟高原鼠兔潜在分布区域,提取最高适生区作为鼠害潜在区域,运用最小阻力面模型构建鼠害生态阻力面,提取了祁连山区81条鼠害潜在发展扩散路径,识别出120个鼠害扩散节点,结果表明:等温性(Bio3)、植被类型、土壤类型和土壤砂砾含量是影响高原鼠兔潜在地理分布的主要因子;鼠害源地主要分布在祁连山区青海地区西南、西北部,多以条带状分布,占祁连山区总面积的2.97%;中度覆盖草地和低度覆盖草地是鼠害扩散路径的主要景观构成类型,约占扩散路径总面积的78.6%;鼠害扩散路径密度较高的区域集中分布于刚察县、祁连县中部、天峻县西部,这些区域容易形成连片的鼠害区域;鼠群灾害扩散节点主要分布在祁连山区西部天峻县、祁连县和刚察县境内,是鼠害防治的关键节点.Based on the theory of source-sink in ecology, the potential distribution area of Ochotona curzoniae, commonly known as plateau pika were stimulated in the part of Qilian Mountains within Qinghai Province using maximum entropy model(MaxEnt), and the most suitable habitats were extracted as the potential area of rodent infestation. Then the ecological resistance of rodents was constructed using minimum resistance surface model, which yielded 81 potential dispersal routes and 56 dispersal nodes. The results showed that isothermality(bio3), vegetation type, soil type and sand content were the primary factors affecting the potential geographical distribution of plateau pika;rodent sources were distributed in a stripped pattern, mainly in the southwest and northwest of Qilian Mountains, accounting for 2.97% of the total area;grassland with low and moderate coverages was the main landscape type which favored the dispersal of rodent infestations, accounting for 78.6% of the total areas where rodent infestations took place. The areas with large number of rodent dispersal routes were mainly distributed in Gangcha County, central part of Qilian County, western part of Tianjun County, where rodent infestations were likely to occur widely;the dispersal nodes were mainly located in Tianjun County, Gangcha County and Qilian County, which constituted the key nodes of rodent control.

关 键 词：高原鼠兔 MaxEnt模型 最小累积阻力模型 鼠群灾害扩散 祁连山区 

分 类 号：A170[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学] A180