中国东方蜜蜂的形态分化  

Morphological differentiation in the Asian honey bees(Apis cerana)in China

作　　者：朱翔杰 周姝婧 徐新建 于瀛龙 胡军军 张中印[4] 祁文忠 王彪 袁春颖 席芳贵 周冰峰 ZHU Xiang-Jie;ZHOU Shu-Jing;XU Xin-Jian;YU Ying-Long;HU Jun-Jun;ZHANG Zhong-Yin;QI Wen-Zhong;WANG Biao;YUAN Chun-Ying;XI Fang-Gui;ZHOU Bing-Feng(College of Animal Science(College of Bee Science),Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China;Guizhou Institute of Integrated Agriculture Development,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550006,China;Guangxi Apiculture Guidance Station,Nanning 530000,China;Henan Institute of Science and Technology,Xinxiang,Henan 453003,China;Gansu Apiculture Technology Extension Station,Tianshui,Gansu 741020,China;Guyuan Apiculture Experimental Station,Guyuan,Ningxia 756000,China;Liaoning Agricultural Development Service Center,Xingcheng,Liaoning 125100,China;Apicultural Research Institute of Jiangxi Province,Nanchang 330052,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学动物科学学院(蜂学学院),福州350002 [2]贵州省农业科学院现代农业发展研究所,贵阳550006 [3]广西养蜂指导站,南宁530000 [4]河南科技学院,河南新乡453003 [5]甘肃省养蜂技术推广站,甘肃天水741020 [6]固原市养蜂试验站,宁夏固原756000 [7]辽宁省农业发展服务中心,辽宁兴城125100 [8]江西省养蜂研究所,南昌330052

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2022年第7期912-926,共15页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：现代农业蜂产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-44-KXJ11);国家自然科学青年基金项目(31902218);福建省科技计划项目(青年创新项目)(2019 J05052);国家科技基础资源调查专项(2018FY100404)。

摘　　要：【目的】遗传分化研究是认识蜜蜂形态多样性和适应性进化的重要环节,是确定蜜蜂资源管理单位和保护单位的前提,有助于保护蜜蜂的遗传资源。本研究通过分析形态分化,研究中国东方蜜蜂Apis cerana在中国地理环境下的遗传分化和遗传资源分布。【方法】从我国所有东方蜜蜂分布区102个采样点共采集6147头东方蜜蜂工蜂,每一采样点10~20群中取60头工蜂进行解剖,测定与翅、个体大小、后足和体色相关的33个形态特征,进行多变量形态统计分析,划分形态类群。同时对分出的不同东方蜜蜂类群的形态特征及分布模式进行分析。【结果】根据判别分析和主成分分析的聚类结果,我国东方蜜蜂分为14个形态类群。有5个类群具有较小的个体大小。海南类群个体最小,其次为滇南类群,台湾地区类群,南方类群和北方类群。这5个类群之间在吻长、前翅长、前翅第3亚缘室结构、体色和蜡镜长上存在显著差异。长白类群具有最大的肘脉指数、蜡镜和第5背板绒毛带宽。而西藏波密类群具有全国最小的第五背板绒毛带宽。西北类群具有最长的后足。川西高原的5个形态类群具有个体大、体色黑等特点。其中,巴塘类群肘脉指数(3.0169)全国最小,个体大小全国最大。阿坝类群具有仅次于长白类群的肘脉指数,且翅长和第七腹板最大。德荣类群体色最黑。雅江类群具有独特的翅脉角(A4,N23,E9和J10最小,B4最大)。川滇类群在川西高原个体最小。【结论】本研究在全面收集我国所有东方蜜蜂分布区样本,尤其是西藏波密、中国台湾省和川西高原的珍贵样本的基础上,进行了东方蜜蜂形态测量学分析。在我国共发现东方蜜蜂14个形态类群:海南类群、滇南类群、长白类群、台湾地区类群、波密类群、阿坝类群、巴塘类群、德荣类群、雅江类群、川滇类群、川贵类群、西北类群、南�【Aim】The genetic differentiation research is an important link to understand the morphological diversity and adaptive evolution of honey bees.It is a prerequisite for the determination of the bioresource management unit and the protection unit and helps to protect the genetic resources of honey bees.This study aims to study the genetic differentiation and genetic resource distribution of the Asian honey bee,Apis cerana across the geographical environment in China by analyzing morphological differentiation.【Methods】A total of6147 worker bees of A.cerana were collected from 102 sampling sites across the complete distribution area of A.cerana in China.Sixty worker bees of each sampling site from 10-20 colonies were dissected and 33morphological characteristics associated with the wings,individual size,hind leg,and body color were measured.A multivariate morphometric analysis was conducted and clusters with their morphological traits and distribution patterns were identified.【Results】According to the cluster results of discriminant analysis and principal component analysis,A.cerana in China can be divided into 14 morphological clusters.Five clusters with smaller body size were identified.Hainan cluster had the smallest body size,followed by South Yunnan cluster,Taiwan region cluster,Southern cluster,and Northern cluster.These five clusters were significantly different in proboscis length,forewing length,the structure of the 3rd submarginal cell in the forewing,body color,and the length of the wax plate.Changbai cluster had the largest cubital index,wax plate size,and width of the stripe of tomentum on tergite 5.However,Bomi cluster of Tibet had the smallest width of the stripe of tomentum on tergite 5 in China.Northwest cluster had the longest hind legs.Five clusters in the West Sichuan Plateau were characterized by larger individuals and black body color.Batang cluster had the smallest cubital index(3.0169)and the largest individual size in China.The cubital index of the Aba cluster was inferior only to

关 键 词：东方蜜蜂 形态学 遗传分化 种群 多变量分析 

分 类 号：S89[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]