超音速高密度喷流对撞过程中的高效能量转移  

Efficient energy transition from kinetic to internal energy in supersonic collision of high-density plasma jets from conical implosions

作　　者：张喆[1,2,3] 远晓辉[4,2] 张翌航 刘浩 方可[1,5] 张成龙 刘正东 赵旭[4,2] 董全力 刘高扬 戴羽 谷昊琛 李玉同[1,2,3] 郑坚 仲佳勇[7,2] 张杰 Zhang Zhe;Yuan Xiao-Hui;Zhang Yi-Hang;Liu Hao;Fang Ke;Zhang Cheng-Long;Liu Zheng-Dong;Zhao Xu;Dong Quan-Li;Liu Gao-Yang;Dai Yu;Gu Hao-Chen;Li Yu-Tong;Zheng Jian;Zhong Jia-Yong;Zhang Jie(Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics,Institute of Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA(CICIFSA),Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory,Dongguan 523808,China;Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas,Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Astronomy,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;School of Physical Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Department of Physics,College of Science,China University of Mining and Technology,Beijing 100083,China;Department of Astronomy,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;School of Sciences,Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai,Weihai 264209,China;CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Department of Plasma Physics and Fusion Engineering,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230027,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院物理研究所,北京凝聚态物理国家研究中心,北京100190 [2]上海交通大学,IFSA协同创新中心,上海200240 [3]松山湖材料实验室,东莞523808 [4]上海交通大学物理与天文学院,激光等离子体教育部重点实验室,上海200240 [5]中国科学院大学物理学院,北京100049 [6]中国矿业大学(北京)理学院物理系,北京100083 [7]北京师范大学天文系,北京100875 [8]哈尔滨工业大学(威海)理学院,威海264209 [9]中国科学技术大学等离子体物理与聚变工程系,中国科学院近地空间环境重点实验室,合肥230027

出　　处：《物理学报》2022年第15期180-187,共8页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项A类(批准号:XDA25010100,XDA25010300,XDA25030100);国家自然科学基金(批准号:U1930107,11827807)资助的课题。

摘　　要：在双锥对撞点火激光核聚变方案中,两个锥口相距约100μm放置的金锥内氘氚球冠靶在高功率纳秒激光烧蚀驱动下,获得沿金锥的球对称压缩和加速,形成沿着金锥轴向的超音速高密度喷流,出射喷流在两个金锥的几何中心发生对撞减速并形成聚变密度等离子体.在对撞过程中,高速运动喷流的动能转化为内能,实现对等离子体的预加热,与此同时,皮秒拍瓦激光产生的高能快电子从垂直方向入射并加热高密度等离子体,使其快速升温达到聚变温度,实现聚变点火.2020年在中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所高功率激光联合实验室神光Ⅱ升级激光装置上,我们利用总能量为10 kJ的八路纳秒激光进行了两轮实验.实验利用包括X射线汤姆逊散射、硬X射线单色背光成像、X射线条纹和分幅成像等多种主动、被动诊断方法对超音速高密度喷流对撞过程进行了高时空分辨研究,实验测量发现,在单锥口形成的超音速等离子体喷流密度为5.5—8 g/cm^(3);在对撞过程中形成了阻滞时间约200 ps的高密度等离子体,中心密度达到了(46±24)g/cm3.通过对等离子的温度、速度的分析发现,对撞过程中动能到内能的转换效率高达89.5%.A collision of supersonic jets in the double-cone ignition scheme is realized experimentally.With a very high deceleration,the supersonic jets merge into a high density plasma core,which will be further fast heated to ignition condition.Both the density and temperature of the plasma core are increased due to nearly 100%of kinetic energy of the jets converted into the internal energy.Some diagnostic tools are used to characterize the plasma,including X-ray Thomson scattering,hard X-ray monochromatic backlighting,X-ray streak imaging and framing imaging.The density of the supersonic jet arrive at about 5.5–8 g/cm3.During colliding,a stagnation phase lasts about 200 ps,and the maximum density of the plasma core is increased to(46±24)g/cm3.By analyzing the velocity and temperature before and after colliding,it is found that 90%of the kinetic energy is converted into thermal energy.

关 键 词：激光聚变 快点火 双锥对撞点火 

分 类 号：TL631[核科学技术—核技术及应用]