Payload Capacity Scheme for Quran Text Watermarking Based on Vowels with Kashida  

作　　者：Ali A.R.Alkhafaji Nilam Nur Amir Sjarif M.A Shahidan Nurulhuda Firdaus Mohd Azmi Haslina Md Sarkan Suriayati Chuprat Osamah Ibrahim Khalaf Ehab Nabiel Al-Khanak 

机构地区：[1]Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics,University Teknologi Malaysia,Kuala Lumpur,54000,Malaysia [2]Al-Nahrain University,Al-Nahrain Nanorenewable Energy Research Centre,Baghdad,Iraq [3]Department of Transport and Planning,Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences(CiTG),Delft University of Technology,Delft,Netherlands

出　　处：《Computers, Materials & Continua》2021年第6期3865-3885,共21页计算机、材料和连续体（英文）

基　　金：This work is conducted at Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics,under cyber physical systems research group and funded by MOHE(FRGS:R.K130000.7856.5F026),Received by Nilam Nur Amir Sjarif.

摘　　要：The most sensitive Arabic text available online is the digital Holy Quran.This sacred Islamic religious book is recited by all Muslims worldwide including non-Arabs as part of their worship needs.Thus,it should be protected from any kind of tampering to keep its invaluable meaning intact.Different characteristics of Arabic letters like the vowels(),Kashida(extended letters),and other symbols in the Holy Quran must be secured from alterations.The cover text of the Quran and its watermarked text are different due to the low values of the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio(PSNR)and Embedding Ratio(ER).A watermarking technique with enhanced attributes must,therefore,be designed for the Quran’s text using Arabic vowels with kashida.The gap addressed by this paper is to improve the security of Arabic text in the Holy Quran by using vowels with kashida.The purpose of this paper is to enhance the Quran text watermarking scheme based on a reversing technique.The methodology consists of four phases:The first phase is a pre-processing followed by the second phase-the embedding process phase—which will hide the data after the vowels.That is,if the secret bit is“1”,then the kashida is inserted;however,the kashida is not inserted if the bit is“0”.The third phase is the extraction process and the last phase is to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme by using PSNR(for the imperceptibility)and ER(for the capacity).The experimental results show that the proposed method of imperceptibility insertion is also optimized with the help of a reversing algorithm.The proposed strategy obtains a 90.5%capacity.Furthermore,the proposed algorithm attained 66.1%which is referred to as imperceptibility.

关 键 词：Quran text watermarking Arabic text capacity IMPERCEPTIBILITY Kashida VOWELS reversing technique 

分 类 号：TP3[自动化与计算机技术—计算机科学与技术]