Identification of fungal fossils and novel azaphilone pigments in ancient carbonised specimens of Hypoxylon fragiforme from forest soils of Chatillon-sur-Seine(Burgundy)  

作　　者：Frank Surup Abolfazl Narmani Lucile Wendt Sebastian Pfutze Robin Kretz Kevin Becker Cle ment Menbrives Alain Giosa Michelle Elliott Christophe Petit Manfred Rohde Marc Stadler 

机构地区：[1]Dept.Microbial Drugs,Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung GmbH,Inhoffenstrasse 7,38124 Braunschweig,Germany [2]German Centre for Infection Research(DZIF),Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig,38124 Braunschweig,Germany [3]Department of Plant Protection,Faculty of Agriculture,University of Tabriz,Tabriz,Iran [4]University of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne,UMR 7041,Archéologies Environnementales,Paris,France [5]Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung GmbH,Central Facility for Microscopy,Inhoffenstrasse 7,38124 Braunschweig,Germany

出　　处：《Fungal Diversity》2018年第5期345-356,共12页真菌多样性（英文）

摘　　要：Fungal stromata were recently discovered in association with charcoal and burnt soil aggregates during an archaeological survey in the Chaˆtillon-sur-Seine forest massif.The wood and soil in the samples were dated to the medieval period(between 738 and 1411 AD).Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed that a few of the stromatal fragments still contained ascospores.Their macromorphological characters were described and secondary metabolite profiles were generated using high performance liquid chromatography with diode array and mass spectrometric detection(HPLC–DAD/MS).The combination of these two data lines then allowed species identification.Most of the fragments were assigned to Hypoxylon fragiforme,the type species of the Hypoxylaceae(Xylariales).Two further species whose stromata grew on the fossil charcoal could be tentatively identified as Jackrogersella cohaerens and(more tentatively)as Hypoxylon vogesiacum.These three species are still commonly encountered in the forests of Central Europe today.Furthermore,the HPLC-HRMS data of H.fragiforme suggested the presence of unknown azaphilone dimers and of further new pigments.These archaeological compounds were compared to fresh stromata of H.fragiforme collected in Germany and subjected to the same analytical protocol.While the major components in both samples were identified as the known mitorubrin type azaphilones and orsellinic acid,the chemical structures of seven novel complex azaphilone pigments,for which we propose the trivial names rutilins C-D and fragirubrins A-E,were elucidated using spectral methods(NMR and CD spectroscopy,high resolution mass spectrometry).It appears that these pigments had indeed persisted for millennia in the fossil stromata.

关 键 词：Biodiversity CHEMOTAXONOMY Phylogeny SORDARIOMYCETES XYLARIALES Structure elucidation 

分 类 号：O62[理学—有机化学]