“人工鲸落”型海洋牧场的理论基础与构建体系  

Theoretical Basis and Construction System of Artificial Whale-fall

作　　者：薛藤 田涛[1] 吴忠鑫 高东奎[1] 杨军[1] 刘敏[1] 李晓钰 XUE Teng;TIAN Tao;WU Zhongxin;GAO Dongkui;YANG Jun;LIU Min;LI Xiaoyu(Center for Marine Ranching Engineering Science Research of Liaoning,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学辽宁省海洋牧场工程技术研究中心,大连116023

出　　处：《海洋开发与管理》2022年第7期77-83,共7页Ocean Development and Management

基　　金：大连市科技创新基金项目(2021JJ11CG001)。

摘　　要：海洋牧场作为新的生态型海洋渔业生产方式,同时也是我们获取优质蛋白的重要来源,近年来得到快速发展,目前已形成了增殖型、养护型和休闲型海洋牧场建设模式。随着海洋强国战略的加快实施,海洋牧场逐渐挺进深蓝,在其快速发展的同时也存在建设模式单一、同质化现象突出和生态承载力提升受限等问题,在一定程度上限制了海洋牧场的创新发展。而鲸落生态系统作为海洋生态系统的一部分,其生态作用对海洋牧场的发展将会起到显著的促进作用。文章在系统梳理海洋牧场发展历史和鲸落生态系统原理的基础上,把二者有机结合,将鲸落形成的生态原理充分运用到海洋牧场建设过程中,构建人工鲸落型海洋牧场技术体系和建设模式,通过人工方式充分发挥鲸落等大型动物外源性营养物质的规模化输入效应,提升海洋牧场区域生产力,进而提高资源养护与产出能力,以期为我国海洋牧场建设发展提供新的思路和方向参考。As a new ecological marine fishery production method,marine ranching is also an important source to obtain high-quality protein.It has been developed rapidly in recent years and has now formed a multiplication,conservation,and recreational marine ranching construction model.With the accelerated implementation of the maritime power strategy,marine ranching has gradually advanced into the“deep blue”.At the same time as its rapid development,there are also problems such as single construction mode,prominent homogeneity,and limited ecological carrying capacity,which has limited the innovative development of marine ranching to a certain extent.As a part of the marine ecosystem,the whale fall ecosystem will play a significant role in promoting the development of marine ranching.Based on systematically combing the development history of marine ranching and the principles of whale fall ecosystems,this paper combined the two organically,fully applied the ecological principles of whale fall formation to the construction of marine ranching,and built an artificial whale fall marine ranching technology system and the construction model,through artificial means to give full play to the large-scale input effects of exogenous nutrients from large animals such as whale falls,and enhance the regional productivity of marine ranching,thereby improving resource conservation and output capacity,in order to provide new ideas and direction reference for the construction and development of marine ranching in China.

关 键 词：人工鲸落 海洋牧场 技术体系 建设模式 

分 类 号：F326.407[经济管理—产业经济] P74[天文地球—海洋科学]