某半挂车车架性能分析及结构优化设计  

Performance analysis and structural optimization design of a semi-trailer frame

作　　者：顾方秋 苏小平[1] 缪小冬[1] GU Fangqiu;SU Xiaoping;MIAO Xiaodong(School of Mechanical and Power Engineering,Nanjing Technology University,Nanjing 211816,China)

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学机械与动力工程学院,南京211816

出　　处：《重庆理工大学学报（自然科学）》2022年第7期94-101,共8页Journal of Chongqing University of Technology：Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52175465)。

摘　　要：建立某半挂车车架的三维模型和有限元模型,并进行经典工况的强度、刚度和模态分析;使用变密度法对车架进行拓扑优化,并依据优化结果对车架结构改进;通过对改进后的车架模型进行灵敏度分析,筛选出具有针对性的尺寸优化的设计变量;以筛选出的设计变量设计试验,利用响应面模型和NSGA-Ⅱ算法对车架尺寸优化,并对优化结果进行圆整和验证。结果表明,优化后的车架质量下降了293 kg,强度和刚度均符合要求,模态频率也均避开了发动机激振和路面不平所造成的振动频率,实现了轻量化的目标。Aiming at the problem of semi-trailer frame light weighting,firstly,the 3 D model and finite element model of the frame are established,the strength,stiffness and modality calculations of the classical working conditions are carried out.And then,the SIMP is used to optimize the frame,and the structure of frame has been improved according to the result of topology optimization.After that,sensitivity analysis of the improved frame model filters designs variables of dimensional optimization that is pertinent.Lastly,experiments with filtered variables,dimensional optimization of frames using response surface models and NSGA-II algorithms and rounding and validation of results are completed.The result shows that the weight of the frame has been decreased by 293 kg when the strength and stiffness meet the requirements,and the mode also avoids the vibration frequency caused by the engine excitation and the uneven road surface.So the goal of light weighting is achieved.

关 键 词：车架轻量化 模态分析 灵敏度分析 尺寸优化 拓扑优化 响应面模型 

分 类 号：U463.1[机械工程—车辆工程]