磷酸二氢钾对油茶开花与保果的影响  

Effect of KH2PO4 on blossom and fruit-protecting of Camellia oleifera

作　　者：刘会云 胡冬南[1,2,3] 郭晓敏[1,2,3] 雷小林[4] 晏雨鸿 何晨 张莉 张文元[1,2,3] 刘亮英[1,2,3] 翁小婷[1,2,3] 汪加魏 LIU Huiyun;HU Dongnan;GUO Xiaomin;LEI Xiaolin;YAN Yuhong;HE Chen;ZHANG Li;ZHANG Wenyuan;LIU Liangying;WENG Xiaoting;WANG Jiawei(College of Forestry,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,Jiangxi,China;Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,Jiangxi,China;2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangxi Typical Trees Cultivation and Utilization,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,Jiangxi,China;Jiangxi Academy of Forestry,Nanchang 330032,Jiangxi,China;Forest Tree Breeding Center of Jiangxi Province,Nanchang 330046,Jiangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学林学院,江西南昌330045 [2]江西农业大学江西省森林培育重点实验室,江西南昌330045 [3]江西农业大学江西特色林木资源培育与利用2011协同创新中心,江西南昌330045 [4]江西省林业科学院,江西南昌330032 [5]江西省林木育种中心,江西南昌330046

出　　处：《经济林研究》2022年第2期17-30,共14页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“集约经营油茶林地上—地下磷素关联及茶油品质的磷肥效应研究”(3176030307);江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目“油茶与山苍子根系互作及其生理响应机制研究”(GJJ190236);中央财政林业科技推广项目“油茶轻简节本高效栽培管理技术推广示范”(JXTG〔2020〕25号)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析叶面喷施磷酸二氢钾对油茶授粉与保果特性的影响情况,为科学施用叶面肥以提高油茶产量而提供参考依据。【方法】选取‘长林18’‘长林166’‘长林40’为供试的油茶品种,在基础培养基(100 g/L的蔗糖+10 g/L的琼脂)中添加不同浓度的磷酸二氢钾,然后以此培养基对3个油茶品种的花粉进行培养试验,又以不同浓度的磷酸二氢钾溶液水培油茶新鲜花枝,还以不同浓度的磷酸二氢钾溶液对花果期的油茶树进行叶面喷施试验,分别测定各个油茶品种花粉的萌发长度与萌发率、柱头可授性、落花率及保果率。【结果】1)在培养基中添加浓度为0.12~0.25 g/L的磷酸二氢钾的培养条件下,3个油茶品种的花粉萌发率较其对照处理(磷酸二氢钾的浓度为0 g/L)的显著(P≤0.05)提高了28.53%~61.29%,其花粉萌发长度较其对照处理的增长了28.48%~52.68%。2)以浓度为1.5~3.0 g/L的磷酸二氢钾溶液水培新鲜花枝16 d,3个油茶品种的花粉萌发率较其对照处理的显著(P≤0.05)提高了62.67%~95.93%,其花粉萌发长度较其对照处理的增长了66.50%~368.20%;且能显著(P≤0.05)维持油茶着生花朵的柱头可授性。3)在油茶花期叶面喷施浓度为3.0 g/L的磷酸二氢钾水溶液后,3个油茶品种的落花率较其对照处理(磷酸二氢钾的浓度为0 g/L)的显著(P≤0.05)降低了36.24%~61.78%;而在油茶的整个花果期叶面喷施浓度为1.5~4.5 g/L的磷酸二氢钾水溶液后,3个油茶品种的总保果率较其对照处理的提高了4.94%~8.23%。【结论】磷酸二氢钾对油茶花粉萌发、维持柱头可授性、降低落花率及提高保果率均有促进作用;初花期、盛花期、末花期前10~15 d喷施浓度为3.0 g/L的磷酸二氢钾溶液,最能显著促进油茶的开花与坐果。【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the effect of foliar spraying of KH_(2)PO_(4) on pollination and fruit retention characteristics of Camellia oleifera,and to provide some scientific basis for using foliar fertilizer to improve the yield of C.oleifera.【Method】‘Changlin 18’‘Changlin 166’and‘Changlin 40’were selected as the C.oleifera varieties for test,and different concentrations of KH_(2)PO_(4) were added to the basic medium(100 g/L sucrose+10 g/L AGAR),and then the pollen culture test was carried out on this medium.In addition,fresh flower branches of C.oleifera were hydroponic with different concentrations of KH_(2)PO_(4) solution,and foliar spraying tests were carried out at the flowering and fruiting stage with different concentrations of KH_(2)PO_(4) solution.The pollen germination length and germination rate,stigma acceptability,flower drop rate and fruit preservation rate of various C.oleifera varieties were measured respectively.【Result】1)The pollen germination rate of the three C.oleifera varieties was significantly increased(P≤0.05)by 28.53%-61.29%when KH_(2)PO_(4) was added to the culture medium at a concentration of 0.12-0.25 g/L compared with that of the control(KH_(2)PO_(4) concentration was 0 g/L).The Pollen germination length increased by 28.48%-52.68%compared with the control treatment.2)The pollen germination rate of the three C.oleifera cultivars was significantly increased(P≤0.05)by 62.67%-95.93%,and the pollen germination length was increased by 66.50%-368.20%in 1.5-3.0 g/L KH_(2)PO_(4) solution for 16 days compared with that of the control treatment.The stigma receptivity of the budding flowers of C.oleifera was maintained significantly(P≤0.05).(3)After spraying 3.0 g/L KH_(2)PO_(4) solution on leaves at flowering stage,the flower drop rate of the three varieties of C.oleifera was significantly decreased(P≤0.05)by 36.24%-61.78%compared with that of the control treatment(0 g/L KH_(2)PO_(4)).In the whole flower and fruit period of C.oleifera,the total

关 键 词：油茶 磷酸二氢钾 花粉 柱头可授性 落花率 保果率 

分 类 号：S794.4[农业科学—林木遗传育种]