贵州晚熟李表型性状分析及优良种质筛选  

Analysis of phenotypic characters and selection of excellent germplasm of late maturity plum in Guizhou

作　　者：陈守一[1] 王红林 罗昌国[1] 金吉林[1] 赵凯 CHEN Shouyi;WANG Honglin;LUO Changguo;JIN Jilin;ZHAO Kai(Institute of Fruit Trees,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550006,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院果树科学研究所,贵州贵阳550006

出　　处：《经济林研究》2022年第2期100-111,共12页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑〔2019〕2265号)。

摘　　要：【目的】深入了解贵州晚熟李种质资源表型性状的多样性,为晚熟李新品种的选育提供基础数据。【方法】依照《李种质资源描述规范与数据标准》等标准,采用野外调查与室内检测相结合的方法,对15份贵州晚熟李种质的42个描述型性状指标进行观测,并对其18个数值型性状指标分别进行变异分析、相关性分析、聚类分析和主成分分析。【结果】在其42个描述型性状指标中,果实的鲜食品质、风味和色泽的多样性指数均较大,叶尖形状、果实形状和果顶形状的多样性指数均较小;在其18个数值型性状指标中,可滴定酸含量、糖酸比、单果质量和维生素C含量的变异系数均较大,果形指数、叶片长度和果实发育期时长的变异系数均较小。枝叶的生长相对有利于果实中可溶性固形物和可溶性糖的形成,却不利于果实中可滴定酸与维生素C的形成,且果实相对易于早熟。对数值型性状的聚类分析结果表明:15份贵州晚熟李种质可以划分为4类,即无食用价值类、稍晚熟类、大果类和极晚熟类。简化描述评价贵州晚熟李数值型性状的7个核心指标是:1年生枝条的长度和粗度、叶片长度、果实中可溶性糖与可滴定酸的含量、果形指数和种子质量。在优良种质筛选的主成分分析中,提取出3个主成分的累积贡献率为94.155%。其中,主成分1主要提取的是可食率、糖酸比、单果质量、果实纵径和果实横径,其贡献率为62.630%;主成分2主要提取的是可溶性固形物和可溶性糖含量,其贡献率为17.000%;主成分3主要提取的是维生素C和果实发育期时长,其贡献率为14.525%。【结论】15份贵州晚熟李种质具有丰富的遗传多样性,特别是在果实色泽和鲜食品质方面具有较大的育种选择潜力,是育种的宝贵资源,育种者可根据其种质性状和育种目标进行合理选用,提高育种效率。初步选出的晚香脆、高坪李【Objective】In order to deeply understand the diversity of phenotypic traits of Guizhou late-maturing plum germplasm resources,and to provide basic data for the selection and breeding of new late-maturing plum varieties.【Method】In accordance with“Plum Germplasm Resource Description Standards and Data Standards”,42 descriptive traits of Guizhou late-maturing plum were observed,described and assigned for diversity analysis;18 numerical traits were subjected to analysis of variation,correlation,clustering,and principal components.【Result】For 42 descriptive traits,the fresh food quality,flavor and color of the fruit had larger diversity indexes,and the leaf tip shape,fruit shape and fruit top shape had smaller diversity indexes;among 18 numerical traits,the variation coefficient of titratable acid,ratio of sugar and acid,single fruit mass and vitamin C was the largest,and the variation coefficient of fruit shape index,leaf length and fruit development period was small.The growth of branches and leaves was relatively conducive to the formation of soluble solids and soluble sugars in fruits,but was not conducive to the formation of titratable acids and vitamin C,and the fruits were relatively easy to maturity earlier.According to the cluster analysis of numerical characters,the germplasm could be divided into four categories including no edible value,slightly late maturity,large fruit and very late maturity.The 7 core indexes for simplified description and evaluation of numerical characters of Guizhou late maturing plum were:the length and thickness of 1 year old branches,the leaves length,soluble sugar,titratable acid,fruit shape index and seed mass.In the principal component analysis of excellent germplasm screening,the cumulative contribution rate of the three principal components extracted was 94.155%.Among them,principal component 1 mainly extracted edible rate,sugar-acid ratio,single fruit mass,fruit vertical diameter and fruit transverse diameter,with a contribution rate of 62.630%.Principal compo

关 键 词：晚熟李 种质资源 表型性状 遗传多样性 优良种质筛选 贵州 

分 类 号：S662.3[农业科学—果树学]