南疆4个地区枣园土壤养分状况分析及肥力评价  

Analysis of soil nutrients and evaluation of fertility in jujube orchards in four regions of southern Xinjiang

作　　者：王利娜 赵文 孙佳 黄瑶 王姝婧 刘丰鸣 万胜 杨智鹏 张虎国 李建贵[3,4] WANG Lina;ZHAO Wen;SUN Jia;HUANG Yao;WANG Shujing;LIU Fengming;WAN Sheng;YANG Zhipeng;ZHANG Huguo;LI Jiangui(College of Ecology and Environment,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830017,Xinjiang,China;College of Resources and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China;College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Jujube Engineering Technology Research Center,Urumqi 830013,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学生态与环境学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830017 [2]新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [3]新疆农业大学林学与风景园林学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [4]新疆红枣工程技术研究中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830013

出　　处：《经济林研究》2022年第2期144-152,共9页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展专项资金项目“黑核桃、杏李等优良林木资源筛选与提质增效关键技术研发及示范”(ZYYD2022B15);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项“红枣产业降本增值提效关键技术研发与示范”(2020A02002-1);新疆红枣产业技术体系建设专项(XJCYTX-01-03-2021)。

摘　　要：【目的】了解南疆地区枣园土壤养分状况,评价枣园土壤的肥力等级,为南疆地区红枣产区土壤养分管理和合理施肥提供科学依据,以促进南疆地区红枣产业的健康持续发展。【方法】选取新疆主要红枣种植区巴音郭楞蒙古自治州(简称为“巴州”)、和田地区、喀什地区、阿克苏地区的21个灰枣园、16个骏枣园为样地,以pH值、电导率及碱解氮、有机质、有效磷、速效钾、有效硫、有效硼、有效铁、交换性钙、交换性镁的含量为指标,采用土壤综合肥力指数和全国第二次土壤普查养分分级标准进行土壤肥力综合评价。【结果】南疆4个地区枣园土壤的pH值为7.794~9.055,部分地区的土壤pH值偏高,说明土壤盐碱化现象较为严重;按照土壤养分分级标准,在所有的采样点中,土壤中有效磷、速效钾、有效硫的含量均很高,这几个指标的含量等级均为1级的采样点个数占所调查的采样点总数的比例最高;交换性钙的含量均很低,其含量等级为5级的采样点个数占所调查的采样点总数的比例高达86.49%;其余指标含量均处于中等水平;南疆4个地区枣园土壤pH值的变异程度均较弱,而其电导率、有效磷、有效硫、交换性钙和交换性镁的变异程度均较强,其余养分指标的变异程度均属中等。在所调查的4个地区中,阿克苏地区枣园土壤的pH值、有机质含量均高于其他地区的,而其有效硼、有效硫含量均低于其他地区的;喀什地区枣园土壤的电导率与速效钾、有效硼、有效硫、交换性钙、交换性镁的含量均高于其他地区的,而其有机质、碱解氮、有效磷的含量均低于其他地区的;巴州枣园土壤的有效磷含量高于其他地区的,而其有效铁、速效钾的含量低于其他地区的;和田地区枣园土壤的碱解氮、有效铁含量均高于其他地区的,而其交换性钙、交换性镁含量在所调查的4个地区中均处于最低�【Objective】To understand the soil nutrient status of jujube orchards in southern Xinjiang,evaluate the fertility grade of jujube orchards,and provide scientific basis for soil nutrient management and rational fertilization in jujube producing prefectures in southern Xinjiang,so as to promote the healthy and sustainable development of jujube industry in southern Xinjiang.【Method】21 grey jujube orchards and 16 Jun jujube orchards in Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture(hereinafter referred to as“Bazhou”),Hotan Prefecture,Kashgar Prefecture and Aksu Prefecture,the main red jujube planting prefectures in Xinjiang,were selected as sample plots,with pH value,electrical conductivity and the contents of alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,organic matter,available phosphorus,available potassium,available sulfur,available boron,available iron,exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium were as indicators.The comprehensive evaluation of soil fertility was carried out by using the comprehensive soil fertility index and the nutrient classification standard of the second national soil survey.【Result】The pH value of jujube garden soil in four prefectures of Southern Xinjiang was 7.794-9.055,and the soil pH value in some prefectures was high,indicating that the phenomenon of soil salinization was serious;according to the classification standard of soil nutrients,the contents of available phosphorus,available potassium and available sulfur in soil were very high in all sampling points.The number of sampling points with the content grade of these indicators of grade 1 accounted for the highest proportion in the total number of sampling points investigated;the content of exchangeable calcium was very low,and the number of sampling points with content grade 5 accounted for 86.49%of the total number of sampling points investigated;the contents of other indexes were at the medium level;the variation degree of soil pH value in jujube orchards in four regions of Southern Xinjiang was weak,while the variation degree of

关 键 词：枣 土壤养分 土壤肥力评价 相关性分析 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]