新疆扁桃‘双果’品种花双雌蕊及果实发育性状初探  

Preliminary study on the double pistils and fruit development characters of Xinjiang almond‘Shuangguo’variety

作　　者：刘玉芳 曾斌[1] 韩宏伟[2] 余镇藩 LIU Yufang;ZENG Bin;HAN Hongwei;YU Zhenfan(College of Forestry and Horticulture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China;Institute of Economic Forestry,Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Sciences,Urumqi 830000,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学园艺学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆林业科学院经济林研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《经济林研究》2022年第2期164-171,共8页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：国家科技部科技基础资源调查专项“扁桃种质资源调查收集”(2019FY100801-05)。

摘　　要：【目的】为给扁桃品种双雌蕊发育成果机制的研究提供参考依据。【方法】以新疆地区的扁桃品种‘双果’为研究对象,于扁桃花期对‘双果’品种花器官的形态结构进行解剖观察,调查树冠不同方位单花的双雌蕊率;于果实成熟期对‘双果’品种由单花中不同类型的雌蕊发育形成的不同类型果实的表型性状进行观测,同时计数其双雌蕊坐果率和果实流胶率,比较分析‘双果’品种不同类型雌蕊形态结构的差异和双雌蕊现象的发生对果实生长发育的影响情况。【结果】‘双果’品种同一花芽中的花朵数量为1~2朵,其单花所具雌蕊的数量为1~3枚,其单花中的雌蕊存在单雌蕊、双雌蕊、三雌蕊这3种类型,不同类型的雌蕊中柱头与子房的比例均为1∶1。单雌蕊出现的比例低,雌蕊发育较健壮,多数能够正常发育并结实;由单雌蕊发育形成的果实,其腹缝线流胶率低,而其纵、横、侧径均最大,且成果质量高。双雌蕊中的两枚雌蕊共柄联生,花柱与柱头离生。‘双果’品种单花中双雌蕊出现的比例约为84.28%,树体树冠不同方位的单花中出现双雌蕊的比例存在显著差异,树体树冠的不同方位单花中出现双雌蕊的比例的大小顺序为:西部>南部>东部>北部。‘双果’品种单花中双雌蕊发育一果的比例与发育两果的比例具有显著差异,单花中23.00%的双雌蕊能够在授粉后正常发育成两个果实,单花中77.00%的双雌蕊会存在仅有一枚雌蕊发育结实而另一枚雌蕊退化的现象,并且在果实膨大后期会出现流胶现象,这对果实的商品性会造成一定的影响。三雌蕊在‘双果’品种单花中出现的比例极低。【结论】‘双果’品种同一花芽中花朵数量性状的变异对果柄形态有一定程度的影响;‘双果’品种的双雌蕊在树体树冠西部、南部单花中出现的比例与其在北部单花中出现的比例存在显著差【Objective】Provide a reference for exploring the mechanism of double pistils development and fruiting of almond varieties.【Method】Taking the Xinjiang almond‘Shuangguo’variety as the research object,dissect and observe the morphology of the floral organs of‘Shuangguo’variety during the flowering period,investigate the percentage of double pistils in single flower of‘Shuangguo’variety in different positions of the tree canopy,and observe the phenotypic characters of fruits of different pistil types of‘Shuangguo’variety during the fruit ripening period.Simultaneously count the percentage of fruit set and gumming rate of double pistils,study and compare the difference in morphological structure of different pistil types of‘Shuangguo’variety and the effect of the occurrence of double pistils phenomenon on fruit growth and development.【Result】There were 1-2 flowers in the same flower bud of‘Shuangguo’variety,and 1-3 pistils in single flower,and there were three types of pistil:single pistil,double pistils and three pistils.The ratio of stigma to ovary in the pistil was 1:1.The proportion of single pistil was low.The development of single pistil was strong,and most of them could develop normally and bear fruit.Gumming rate of the ventral suture in single pistil was low,and the fruit developed by single pistil had the largest vertical and horizontal lateral diameter and high fruit quality.In the double pistils,the two pistils shared the same stalk,and the style and stigma were separated.The percentage of double pistils in single flower of the‘Shuangguo’variety was about 84.28%.The percentage of double pistils in single flower in different positions of the tree canopy were significantly different.The order of the percentage of double pistils in different positions of the tree canopy was:west>south>east>north.There was a significant difference between the ratio of double pistils in single flower developing one fruit or two fruits in‘Shuangguo’variety.23.00%double pistils could no

关 键 词：扁桃 双果 双雌蕊 流胶率 

分 类 号：S662.9[农业科学—果树学]