6个薄壳山核桃品种在广西河池市的种植表现及品质特性  

Growing performance and quality characteristics of six thin-shelled pecan varieties planted in Hechi city of Guangxi

作　　者：邓立宝 潘鸿 马涛 韦志端 望飞勇[1] 秦芳[2] 韦理电 温建湖 谭杨照 欧继革 苏天明[2] DENG Libao;PAN Hong;MA Tao;WEI Zhiduan;WANG Feiyong;QIN Fang;WEI Lidian;WEN Jianhu;TAN Yangzhao;OU Jige;SU Tianming(Horticultural Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agriculture Science,Nanning 530007,Guangxi,China;Resource and Environment Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agriculture Science,Nanning 530007,Guangxi,China;College of Nature Conservation,Beijing Forest University,Beijing 100083,China;Guangxi Agricultural Vocational and Technical University,Nanning 530007,Guangxi,China;Forestry Bureau of Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County,Hechi 547100,Guangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所,广西南宁530007 [2]广西壮族自治区农业科学院资源与环境研究所,广西南宁530007 [3]北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院,北京100083 [4]广西农业职业技术大学,广西南宁530007 [5]环江毛南族自治县林业局,广西河池547100

出　　处：《经济林研究》2022年第2期241-248,共8页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：广西创新驱动发展专项(桂科AA17204058);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2018YT11);广西农业科学院科技发展基金项目(桂农科003063001,桂农科2017JM68);广西农业职业技术学院科学研究与技术开发计划项目(YKJ2025)。

摘　　要：【目的】筛选出适合广西河池市种植的薄壳山核桃优良品种,为薄壳山核桃生产提供参考。【方法】以2012年引进的‘金华’‘Pawnee’‘Shawnee’‘绍兴’‘Mahan’‘Caddo’6个薄壳山核桃品种为研究对象,2020年调查各品种的物候期,测定分析各品种的枝梢生长和结果性状、果实性状、核仁内含物含量、核仁脂肪酸组成及其含量。【结果】6个薄壳山核桃品种在广西河池市均能正常开花结果,结果母枝和结果枝以中短枝为主,早实性好,8年生树平均单株坚果产量为5.73~9.09 kg,各品种按照平均单粒坚果质量从大到小排列依次为‘Mahan’‘金华’‘Pawnee’‘Shawnee’‘Caddo’‘绍兴’。不同薄壳山核桃品种核仁的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、淀粉、脂肪等内含物含量较丰富,其中不饱和脂肪酸含量占总脂肪酸的92.81%~94.45%。‘金华’的单株坚果产量为7.57 kg,单粒坚果质量为7.33 g,坚果品质较优。‘Pawnee’和‘Shawnee’的单株坚果产量分别为7.96和6.58 kg,单粒坚果质量分别为7.12和6.68 g,坚果品质较优。‘Mahan’的单粒坚果质量较大,坚果品质较优,迎合消费者对大果的需求,但该品种平均单株产量较低,核仁饱满度稍差。【结论】‘金华’‘Pawnee’‘Shawnee’在广西河池市的综合表现较好,可作为优良品种推广利用;‘Mahan’的平均单粒坚果质量大,但单株产量较低,核仁饱满度稍差,可根据市场需求适量发展,不建议大面积推广;‘绍兴’和‘Caddo’可作为授粉树品种或用于苗木繁育等。【Objective】In order to select excellent thin-shelled pecan varieties adapted to Hechi city of Guangxi and provide scientific basis for pecan production.【Method】Taking six thin-shelled pecan varieties of‘Jinhua’‘Pawnee’‘Shawnee’‘Shaoxing’‘Mahan’and‘Caddo’introduced in 2012 as research subjects,the study investigated the phenology of each variety in 2020,and the shoot growth,yield,fruit character,kernel content,fatty acid composition and content were determined and analyzed.【Result】All the six thin-shelled pecan varieties could blossom and bear fruit normally and were precociously in Hechi city of Guangxi,most of their bearing base shoots and bearing shoots were medium or short in length,the yield of single plant ranged from 5.73 to 9.09 kg,the mass of single nut in descending order was‘Mahan’‘Jinhua’‘Pawnee’‘Shawnee’‘Caddo’and‘Shaoxing’.The contents of soluble sugar,soluble protein,starch and fat in the kernels of different pecan varieties were rich and the content of unsaturated fatty acids accounted for 92.81%-94.45%of the total fatty acids.The yield of single plant and dry mass of single nut of‘Jinhua’was 7.57 kg and 7.33 g,respectively,and the nut was of good quality.The yield per plant of‘Pawnee’and‘Shaoxing’was 7.96 and 6.58 kg,respectively,and the dry mass of single nut was 7.12 and 6.68 g,respectively,their nut quality was good.The dry mass of single nut of‘Mahan’was large which caters to the markets demand for large nut,its nut quality was good.However,the average yield per plant of‘Mahan’was low and its kernel was not full.【Conclusion】‘Jinhua’‘Pawnee’and‘Shawnee’showed good comprehensive performance which could be selected as excellent varieties to be popularized and application.‘Mahan’with high mass of single nut,low yield of single plant and its kernel was not full,it was suggested to develop planting appropriately according to market demand and promote in a small area.‘Shaoxing’and‘Caddo’could b

关 键 词：薄壳山核桃 引种 种植表现 品质特性 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]