气象因子对油茶果实表型和经济性状及茶油品质的影响  

Influence of meteorological factors on the phenotypic and economic characters of fruit and oil quality of Camellia oleifera

作　　者：迟韵阳 付宇新[1,2,3] 曹冰 贺义昌 王召滢[1] 龚岚[1] 曾凡新[1] 雷小林 左继林[1] CHI Yunyang;FU Yuxin;CAO Bing;HE Yichang;WANG Zhaoying;GONG Lan;ZENG Fanxin;LEI Xiaolin;ZUO Jilin(Jiangxi Academy of Forestry,Nanchang 330013,Jiangxi,China;College of Forestry,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,Jiangxi,China;Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,Jiangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省林业科学院,江西南昌330013 [2]江西农业大学林学院,江西南昌330045 [3]江西农业大学江西省森林培育重点实验室,江西南昌330045

出　　处：《经济林研究》2022年第2期267-275,共9页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：国家气象公益行业专项(GYHY201506017);江西省重点研发计划一般项目(20203BBFL63056);江西省林业科学院重大科技项目(2018512101)。

摘　　要：【目的】为油茶的良种选育和推广提供参考。【方法】对2018和2019年采集的不同品种油茶果实的表型、经济性状进行分析,使用气相色谱仪对茶油脂肪酸组成进行测定,采用化学计量学的方法对茶油脂肪酸组成和含量进行分析比较。【结果】2018年气候条件良好,全年光照、温度适宜。2019年2—7月降水量骤增,降雨日104 d,降水量达1622.806 mm,比2018年同期分别多27 d和557.002 mm;2019年8—10月,降雨日仅为9 d,降水量72.136 mm,分别比2018年同期少22 d和217.17 mm。2019年油茶果实表型、经济性状及脂肪酸组成整体均受到影响,但在水涝、干旱双重胁迫下,赣无2号和赣石84-8号油茶果实的表型性状(果形、果皮颜色、果面、种子形状和种皮颜色)的丰富度高,经济性状(单果质量、纵径、横径、果形指数、果皮厚、单果籽数量和干籽含油率)表现良好,其中干籽含油率分别可达38.44%和32.04%。此外,赣无2号和赣石84-8号茶油的不饱和脂肪酸质量分数与其他品种相比呈现较高的水平,分别达到90.86%和87.17%。2019年茶油中油酸含量普遍低于2018年,但赣无2号和赣石84-8号茶油中油酸的质量分数仍达到83.243%和81.987%,且不饱和脂肪酸总量与其他品种相比呈现较高的水平。通过主成分分析,可有效区分2018和2019年茶油。【结论】赣无2号和赣石84-8号在气候变异较大的情况下,均有稳定的优良性状表现,抵御水涝、干旱胁迫能力均较为突出,建议作为优良品种培育、推广。【Objective】It provides a reference for the breeding and popularization of Camellia oleifera.【Method】The phenotypic and economic characters of different cultivars of C.oleifera fruits collected in 2018 and 2019 were analyzed.The fatty acid composition of C.oleifera oil was determined by gas chromatograph,and the fatty acid composition and content of C.oleifera oil were analyzed and compared by chemometrics.【Result】Due to the good climate in 2018,the annual light and temperature were suitable,the rainfall from February to July in 2019 increased rapidly,with 104 days of rainfall,and the rainfall reached 1622.806 mm,27 days and 557.002 mm more than the same period in 2018,and drought occurred from August to October,with only 9 days of rainfall and 72.136 mm of rainfall,22 days and 217.17 mm less than the corresponding period in 2018,which affected the phenotype,economic traits and fatty acid composition of C.oleifera fruits.However,under the dual stress of waterlogging and drought,the phenotypic trait(fruit shape,peel color,fruit surface,seed shape and seed coat color)and economic trait(single fruit mass,longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter,fruit shape index,peel thickness,number of seeds,oil content of dry)of Ganwu 2 and Ganshi 84-8 oil Camellia fruits were good,and the oil content of dry seeds still reached 38.44%and 32.04%,and the total amount of unsaturated fatty acids in Camellia oil was also higher than that of other cultivars.In addition,the total amount of unsaturated fatty acids in Camellia oil also showed a higher level than other cultivars,reaching 90.86%and 87.17%.The oleic acid content in Camellia oil in 2019 was generally lower than that in 2018,but the oleic acid content in Camellia oil in ganwu 2 and Ganshi 84-8 still reached 83.243%and 81.987%in 2019,the total unsaturated fatty acid content was also higher than other cultivars.The camellia oil in 2018 and 2019 could be effectively distinguished by principal component analysis.【Conclusion】Both Ganwu 2 and Ganshi 84-8 had stable an

关 键 词：气象因子 油茶 经济性状 油酸 

分 类 号：S601[农业科学—园艺学]