持续污染条件下的小微水体生态治理研究--以浙江大学华家池校区无名塘为例  

Study on ecological remediation of micro-water body with constant pollution inflow--taking Wumingtang of Huajiachi Campus ofZhejiang University as an examlpe

作　　者：陈奋飞 马骏超 李华斌 成静 盛晟 周锋 周隽逸 Chen Fenfei;Ma Junchao;Li Huabin;Cheng Jing;Sheng Sheng;Zhou Feng;Zhou Junyi(Powerchina Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited,Hangzhou 311122,China;Ecoasis Ecosystem Corporation Limited,Hangzhou 310000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司,浙江杭州311122 [2]杭州沁霖生态科技有限公司,浙江杭州310000

出　　处：《江苏林业科技》2022年第3期28-34,共7页Journal of Jiangsu Forestry Science & Technology

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项——淮河流域重污染河流深度治理和差异化水质目标管理关键技术验证及推广应用项目“沙颍河多闸坝重污染河流生态治理与水质改善关键技术集成验证及推广应用”(2017ZX07602-002);中电建华东院重大科技计划(201计划)“基于生态城市建设的水环境综合治理技术研究”(KY2019-ZD-03)。

摘　　要：城区内景观类型的小微水体数量众多,但多数因其面积小、流动性差等特点,自净能力弱,易受外源污染影响,水质及感官指标较差,易于爆发藻类,常为黑臭水体。研究以浙江大学华家池校区无名塘为例,运用生态治理措施,构建仿自然生态系统,实现在外源污染物持续汇入条件下的小微水体治理。仿自然生态系统以生物滤床循环系统辅以曝气、底泥改良等措施构建生境,经典与非经典生物操纵重构生物群落。经过6个月的运行,面对暴雨、雨污混流排口渗漏等不利环境因素,无名塘的仿自然生态系统相较于传统生态治理措施的对照组(泥孔塘),透明度提升逾45 cm,COD_(Mn),NH_(3)-N,TN,TP和Chl-a分别削减23%,82%,66%,61%和36%,水体整体感官度保持清澈见底状态,水质维持动态平衡,高等水生植物为主的水生态系统得以恢复。其治理效果良好,该试点工程可为后续城区景观小微水体治理提供示范和借鉴作用。There were many landscape types of micro-water bodies in city,which are dirty and odorous because of their small area,poor mobility,and weak self-purification ability.These micro-water bodies were vulnerable to external pollution,resulting in poor water quality and algae outbreak.Taking Wumingtang of Huajiachi Campus of Zhejiang University as an example,we used ecological remediation methods to build a simulated natural ecosystem and tended to achieve micro-water bodies treatment under constant and external pollution condition.The enhanced ecological purification project included ecological cycle system of biofilter supplemented by aeration,sediment improvement to ensure habitat,and both classical and non-classical bio-manipulation to reconstruct the biological community.After half a year operation,though adverse environmental factors such as continuous rainstorm or leakage of rain sewage mixed flow were presented,the transparency of Wumingtang with simulated natural ecosystem still improved over 45 cm,the contents of COD_(Mn),NH_(3)-N,TN,TP and Chl-a were reduced by 23%,82%,66%,61%and 36%respectively,comparing with the traditional ecological treatment of Nikongtang.The overall sensory achieved crystal clear and water quality maintained dynamic balance,and the aquatic ecosystem dominated by higher aquatic plants was restored.Because of its perfect performance,the pilot project of Wumingtang could be applied as a demonstration and reference for future urban landscape micro-water treatment.

关 键 词：持续污染 小微水体 生态治理 仿自然生态系统 生物操纵 

分 类 号：Q948.116[生物学—植物学] X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X832