1961—2015年中国倒春寒频数的时空特征及其与太平洋海温的关系  

Spatial-Temporal Characteristics of the Spring Cold Surge Frequency in China and Its Relationship with Pacific SST During 1961—2015

作　　者：张丽君 黄菲 陈峥[1,2] 王宏 Zhang Lijun;Huang Fei;Chen Zheng;Wang Hong(College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;Physical Oceanography Laboratory/Institute of Advanced Ocean Study,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao),Qingdao 266237,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋与大气学院,山东青岛266100 [2]中国海洋大学物理海洋教育部重点实验室和海洋高等研究院,山东青岛266100 [3]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室,山东青岛266237

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第8期10-18,共9页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金重大基础研究项目(ZR2019ZD12);国家自然科学基金项目(42075024,42006017,41906194)资助。

摘　　要：发生在春季的寒潮冷空气过程(倒春寒)往往会带来更强的气象灾害,因此对倒春寒活动规律的研究和预测有重要意义。本文对1961—2015年中国倒春寒的发生频次进行统计,发现倒春寒不仅发生在中国的北方地区,江南地区和西南地区东部也是倒春寒的高发区。中国倒春寒频次的时空变化存在两个主模态:第一模态为全国型,体现了气候平均的倒春寒频次的空间分布特征,主要以年际振荡为主,多发生在传统的东部型厄尔尼诺(El Nino)衰减年的春季;第二模态为南北反相型,反映了江南和东北地区倒春寒频次的反位相变化,主要体现了南方型倒春寒频发的特征,具有显著的年际和年代际振荡特征,与北太平洋“马蹄”型海表温度异常相关,同时赤道太平洋的海温异常多表现为中部型El Nino的海温分布特征。The spring cold surge often brings stronger meteorological disasters.Therefore,it is of great significance to study and predict the rule of spring cold surge activities.According to the statistics of the occurrence frequency of spring cold surge in China from 1961 to 2015,it is found that spring cold surges frequently occurred not only in the northern part of China,but also in the south of the Yangtze River and the eastern part of Southwest China.There are two major modes in the temporal and spatial variation of the frequency of spring cold surge in China.The first mode is the mainland-wide consist type,which reflects the spatial distribution characteristics of the mean spring cold surge frequency in China and is mainly in the interannual oscillation.The nationwide spring cold surge mainly occurs in the spring of the traditional eastern El Nino decaying years.The second mode is a north-south oscillation type,reflect an out-of-phase oscillation of the frequency of spring cold surge between the south of the Yangtze River and northwest China,which has obvious interannual and interdecadal oscillations.The north-south oscillation mode is associated with the sea surface temperature(SST)anomalies of the horseshoe type SST anomaly in the North Pacific,in which the SST anomalies in the equatorial Pacific are mostly characterized by the central El Nino SST pattern.

关 键 词：中国倒春寒 经验正交函数分解(EOF) 东部型El Nino 中部型El Nino 北太平洋“马蹄”型海温 

分 类 号：P461.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]