天津近岸海域微塑料分布特征及污染风险评价  

Distribution Characteristics and Pollution Risk of Microplastics in Tianjin Coastal Waters

作　　者：韩龙 吕浩然 韩彤 夏妍梦 王秋莲 Han Long;Lv Haoran;Han Tong;Xia Yanmeng;Wang Qiulian(Tianjin Eco-environmental Monitoring Center,Tianjin 300191,China;Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市生态环境监测中心,天津300191 [2]中国海洋大学,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第8期124-131,共8页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家重点研究发展计划项目(2018YFC1407602);中央海岛及海域保护资金项目(Z155060010002)资助。

摘　　要：为研究微塑料(Microplastics,MPs)在天津近岸海域的分布特征和污染风险,本文于2019年秋季对海水、海滩、鱼类体内的微塑料数量、粒径、成分等进行了定性和定量分析。结果表明微塑料在天津近岸海域不同介质中广泛存在,其中海水中微塑料平均丰度为0.016 pieces/m^(3),主要化学成分为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET),占77.7%;海滩微塑料平均丰度为90.6 piece/kg,主要化学成分为聚碳酸酯(PC),占51.6%;虾虎鱼肠道中微塑料平均丰度为8.8 pieces/individual,主要化学成分为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET),占53.7%。微塑料主要来源包括陆源、气源和海源,可能通过地表径流、入海排污口、风力及海上活动等进入水体、海滩和鱼体。运用污染负荷指数对微塑料的污染程度进行评价,天津近岸表层海水和海滩沉积物中的微塑料污染较轻,鱼类体内微塑料处于中度污染。In order to study the distribution characteristics and pollution risk of microplastics in Tianjin coastal waters,the quantity,particle size,and composition of microplastics in water,beach,and fish were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively in autumn in 2019.The results show that:microplastics widely exist in different media in Tianjin coastal waters,in which the average density of microplastics in seawater were 0.016 pieces/m^(3),and the chemical composition was mainly PET(77.7%);The average density of microplastics in beach were 90.6 pieces/kg,and the chemical composition was mainly PC(51.6%);The average density of microplastics in Gobiidae guts were 8.8 pieces/individual,and the chemical composition was mainly PET(53.7%).The main sources of microplastics were land-based,air-based,and sea-based,and they may enter into water,beaches and fishes through surface runoff,sewage outlets,and wind.The method of pollution load index was used to assess the degree of microplastic pollution.The result showed that seawater and beach in Tianjin coastal was less polluted by microplastics,but the fish in Tianjin coastal was moderately polluted.

关 键 词：微塑料 分布特征 污染风险 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]