贵州省露地菜椒生产的能量效益和碳足迹评价——以锦屏县为例  

Energy Efficiency and Carbon Footprint Evaluation of Open-field Pepper Productionin Guizhou Province——A Case Study of Jinping County

作　　者：梁龙 孙凯 张昌柱 LIANG Long;SUN Kai;ZHANG Changzhu(The Strategy Research Institute of Rural Revitalization,Guizhou University of Finance and Economics,Guiyang 550025;College of Management Science and Engineering,Guizhou University of Finance and Economics,Guiyang 550025;College of Public Administration,Guizhou University of Finance and Economics,Guiyang 550025)

机构地区：[1]贵州财经大学乡村振兴战略研究所,贵阳550025 [2]贵州财经大学管理科学与工程学院,贵阳550025 [3]贵州财经大学公共管理学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2022年第20期149-155,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：贵州省省级科技计划项目“构建碳足迹大数据推动贵州特色农业全产业链绿色发展研究”[黔科合基础(2020)1Z057];2021年新农科建设项目—“校企”+发展“特绿”功能农业及合作育人研究与示范(黔财教【2021】48号)。

摘　　要：为探明贵州省调减玉米种植后改种辣椒经济作物的生态效益,本研究以锦屏县为例,基于对80个小农户及4家合作社的调查数据,采用生命周期评价法,对该地区辣椒生产的能量流和碳足迹进行定量评价。结果表明:(1)辣椒生产的能量输入为53431.8 MJ,远大于产出的9000 MJ,净能量效益为-44431.8 MJ;其中,化肥和农膜占有能量投入的最大比重,分别是53%和16%;能量利用效率、单位产品能量比和单位能量生产率分别为0.17、4.75 MJ/kg和0.21 kg/MJ;(2)碳足迹结果为碳排放大于碳固定分别是5450.9 kg CO_(2)eq和2227.3 kg CO_(2)eq;净碳效率(0.41)小于1,属温室气体排放贡献源;化肥生产运输环节和农作肥料施用环节对农田碳排的贡献最大分别为44.7%和32.07%;有机耗碳比、单位面积碳足迹、单位产品碳足迹和单位经济效益碳足迹分别为0.07、0.55 kg CO_(2)eq/m^(2)、0.48 kg CO_(2)eq/kg、2.91元/kg CO_(2)eq。可见,在该地区,产业结构调整后辣椒种植存在潜在的生态风险。因此,优化农资投入结构,减少化肥施用,增加有机质投入占比,发展清洁能源,加强良种选育是今后锦屏县域辣椒生产提能效、减碳排,实现生产与生态共赢的关键。To evaluate the ecological benefits of the conversion of maize cultivation to pepper production in Guizhou Province,Jinping County was taken as an example.Based on the survey data of 80 small farmers and4 cooperatives,the life cycle evaluation method was adopted to quantify the energy flow and carbon footprint of pepper production.The results showed that:(1)the energy input of pepper was 53431.8MJ,much more than the energy output of 9000 MJ,the net energy efficiency was-44431.8MJ;among which,fertilizer(53%)and agricultural film(16%)accounted for the maximum proportion of the energy input;energy utilization efficiency,energy ratio per product and unit energy production rate were 0.17,4.75 MJ/kg,and 0.21 kg/MJ,respectively;(2)carbon footprint indicated that carbon emission was greater than carbon fixation,and the two were 5450.9 kg CO_(2)eq and 2227.3 kg CO_(2)eq/hm^(2)respectively,the net carbon efficiency was(0.41)less than 1,and was the contributing source of greenhouse gas emissions;the maximum contribution of fertilizer production and transportation and agricultural fertilizer application to the farmland ecosystem were 44.7%and 32.07%respectively;organic carbon ratio,unit area carbon footprint,carbon footprint per product and unit economic benefit carbon footprint were 0.07,0.55 kg CO_(2)eq/m^(2),0.48 kg CO_(2)eq/kg,2.91 yuan/kg CO_(2)eq,respectively.So,in this region,there are potential ecological risks in pepper planting after the adjustment of agriculture industrial structure.Therefore,optimizing the input structure of agricultural materials,reducing fertilizer application,increasing the proportion of organic material investment,developing clean energy,and strengthening variety breeding are the key points to improve energy efficiency,reduce carbon emissions and achieve win-win results of production and ecology in pepper planting in Jinping.

关 键 词：辣椒 能量效益 碳足迹 减排增效 生态效益 

分 类 号：S19[农业科学—农业基础科学]