大穗型品种协同提高水稻产量和氮利用效率的研究  

Large-Panicle Rice Varieties: Synergistic Enhancement of Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency

作　　者：钟雪芬[1,2] 种浩天 郭展 黄礼英 张运波 ZHONG Xuefen;CHONG Haotian;GUO Zhan;HUANG Liying;ZHANG Yunbo(College of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Jingzhou,Hubei 434025;Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Duodao District,Jingmen,Hubei 448000)

机构地区：[1]长江大学农学院,湖北荆州434025 [2]荆门市掇刀区农业农村局,湖北荆门448000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2022年第21期1-6,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“超高产水稻育种进程中的辐射利用率演变规律及对产量调控机理解析”(32172108)。

摘　　要：为阐明不同穗型水稻品种产量和氮利用效率的差异,探讨不同穗型品种高产高效的栽培技术。以大穗型品种‘Y两优900’和多穗型品种‘丰两优4号’和‘C两优华占’为供试材料,设置3个施氮量处理(0、180、270 kg N/hm^(2))。结果表明:大穗型品种‘Y两优900’在3个氮肥处理下的平均产量为10.83 kg/hm,分别比多穗型品种‘丰两优4号’和‘C两优华占’高17.3%和5.5%。大穗型品种‘Y两优900’的产量优势主要源于较高的每穗粒数和较高的干物质积累;大穗型品种‘Y两优900’的氮肥农学利用率分别比多穗型品种‘丰两优4号’和‘C两优华占’高310.6%和28.5%,而其氮肥偏生产力则分别高23.5%和6.7%。大穗型品种产量和氮肥利用效率均显著高于多穗型品种,大穗型品种具有协同提高水稻产量和氮利用效率的潜力。This study aims to clarify the differences in yield and nitrogen use efficiency of rice varieties with different types of panicles, and to explore their corresponding high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation techniques. Field experiments were conducted with a large-panicle variety‘Y-Liangyou 900’and two multipanicle varieties‘Fengliangyou 4’and‘C-Liangyouhuazhan’under three nitrogen treatments(0, 180 and270 kg N/hm^(2)). The results showed that the average yield of‘Y-Liangyou 900’was 10.83 kg/hmm^(2) under the three nitrogen treatments, which was 17.3% and 5.5% higher than that of‘Fengliangyou 4’and‘CLiangyouhuazhan’, respectively. The yield advantage of‘Y-Liangyou 900’was mainly due to higher grain number per panicle and dry matter accumulation. The agronomic nitrogen use efficiency of‘Y-Liangyou 900’was 310.6% and 28.5% higher than that of‘Fengliangyou 4’and‘C-Liangyouhuazhan’, respectively, and the nitrogen partial productivity was 23.5% and 6.7% higher, respectively. In summary, the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of large-panicle rice varieties are significantly higher than those of multi-panicle varieties,indicating that large-panicle varieties might have the synergistic enhancement potential of yield and nitrogen use efficiency of rice.

关 键 词：水稻 大穗型品种 氮利用效率 产量 干物质 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S359.1