秸秆还田条件下不同耕作方式对土壤化学性状的影响  

Effects of Tillage Methods on Soil Chemical Properties Under Straw Returning Condition

作　　者：且天真 李福 厉雅华 王丽芳 张婷婷[1,2] 张佳倩 王宏伟[3] 张德健 QIE Tianzhen;LI Fu;LI Yahua;WANG Lifang;ZHANG Tingting;ZHANG Jiaqian;WANG Hongwei;ZHANG Dejian(College of Life Sciences,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010070;Key Laboratory of Forage and Characteristic Crop Biotechnology,Hohhot 010070;Inner Mongolia Hulun Buir Zhalan Tun City Rural Management Service Center,Hulun Buir,Inner Mongolia 162650)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学生命科学学院,呼和浩特010070 [2]牧草与特色作物生物技术教育部重点实验室,呼和浩特010070 [3]内蒙古呼伦贝尔扎兰屯市农村经营服务中心,内蒙古呼伦贝尔162650

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2022年第21期58-69,共12页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技重大专项“免(少)耕周年水分合理利用技术研究”(2020ZD0005-0403),“北方农牧交错区耕地保育与地力提升关键技术研究示范”(zdzx2018017),“旱作区免少耕周年水分合理利用技术模式示范与推广”(2020ZD0005-0502);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目“黑土地土壤退化过程与阻控关键技术研究”(2022YFDZ0060);鄂尔多斯市“揭榜挂帅”项目“农作物秸秆还田与合理利用关键技术及模式示范”(JBGS-2021-001)。

摘　　要：为解决大兴安岭东麓地区黑土地耕地质量下降,秸秆资源过剩焚烧造成的环境污染等突出问题,本文设立了秸秆还田条件结合深翻+重耙(SDH)、深松+重耙(SSH)、深松浅翻+重耙(SSS)、重耙(SH)、旋耕(SRT)、免耕(SZT)和传统耕作(CK)7个耕作处理,其中秸秆不还田传统耕作(CK)为对照组,通过研究2年秸秆还田条件下不同耕作方式对土壤化学性状的影响,结果表明:秸秆还田后短时间内土壤有机质迅速增长,经过一个生长周期有机质水平再次降低。与CK比较,第1年0~40 cm土层SDH、SSH、SSS和SH处理速效磷、全钾含量升高;SDH、SSH和SSS处理能够显著提高土壤碱解氮、速效钾、全氮和全磷含量。第2年收获后SDH、SSH、SSS处理可以提高土壤碱解氮、全磷含量;SSH和SSS处理能够提高0~60 cm土壤速效磷、速效钾、全氮含量。秸秆还田条件下SSH和SSS处理对土壤养分含量的提升较为显著。To solve the prominent problems such as the quality decline in black soil cultivated land and the environmental pollution caused by burning excess straw resources in the east foot of the Great Khingan Mountains,the conditions of straw returning to field were established combined with 7 tillage methods:deep ploughing+heavy harrow(SDH),subsoiling+heavy harrow(SSH),subsoiling and shallow ploughing+heavy harrow(SSS),heavy harrow(SH),rotary tillage(SRT),no tillage(SZT)and traditional tillage(CK).By studying the effects of different tillage methods on soil chemical properties under the condition of straw returning to field for two years,we obtained the following results:the soil organic matter increased rapidly in a short time after straw returning to field,and the organic matter level decreased again after a growth cycle.Compared with those under CK,the contents of available phosphorus and total potassium increased in 0-40 cm soil layer under SDH,SSH,SSS and SH in the first year;and the contents of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available potassium,total nitrogen and total phosphorus increased significantly under SDH,SSH and SSS.After harvest in the second year,SDH,SSH and SSS increased the contents of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and total phosphorus in soil;SSH and SSS increased the contents of available phosphorus,available potassium and total nitrogen in 0-60 cm soil.Under the condition of straw returning,SSH and SSS could increase soil nutrient content significantly.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 耕作方式 黑土 化学性状 养分 

分 类 号：S344.9[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]