镁基储氢材料的研究进展  

Recent advances in Mg-based hydrogen storage materials

作　　者：张秋雨 杜四川 马哲文 林羲 邹建新[1,2,3] 朱文 任莉[1,2,3] 李映辉 Qiuyu Zhang;Sichuan Du;Zhewen Ma;Xi Lin;Jianxin Zou;Wen Zhu;Li Ren;Yinghui Li(National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloys Net Forming,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;Center of Hydrogen Science,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学轻合金精密成型国家工程研究中心,上海200240 [2]上海交通大学材料科学与工程学院,上海200240 [3]上海交通大学氢科学中心,上海200240

出　　处：《科学通报》2022年第19期2158-2171,共14页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51771112,52171186)资助。

摘　　要：镁基储氢材料具有储氢量高、镁资源丰富以及成本低廉等优点,被认为是极具应用前景的一类固态储氢材料.然而其吸放氢焓值高且氢在镁氢化物中扩散系数低,导致吸放氢温度过高、吸放氢速度缓慢,限制了其在氢能领域的应用.近年来,大量研究工作聚焦于镁基储氢材料的热/动力学改性,目前已经取得了大量的成果.本文针对国内外镁基储氢材料的研究现状,归纳了镁基储氢材料的改性方法,重点阐述了合金化、催化剂添加、纳米化、氢化物复合对镁基储氢材料吸放氢热/动力学性能、微观结构、物相变化、吸放氢机理的影响.最后,对该领域的研究成果进行了总结,并展望了未来的发展方向.Magnesium hydride is one of the most promising solid-state hydrogen storage materials due to its low cost,high hydrogen storage density and abundant reserves of Mg.However,the high desorption temperature and the slow absorption/desorption kinetics of MgH_(2),resulting from its high de/hydrogenation enthalpy change and low H diffusion coefficient in MgH_(2),significantly restrict its practical applications.In recent decades,much research has been conducted to improve the hydrogen storage properties of Mg-based hydrogen storage materials,and great progress has been made.This paper reviews the research progress regarding hydrogen storage properties of Mg-based materials,for example,the effect of different modification methods including alloying,adding catalysts,nanosizing and recombining with other complex hydride materials to enhance the de/hydrogenation performance,as well as microstructures,phases and reaction mechanisms of Mg-based hydrogen storage materials.The thermodynamics of Mg-based alloys is improved by changing the reaction pathways,which significantly decreases the enthalpy change.Mg2Ni having an enthalpy change of 64.5 kJ mol^(−1)H_(2)is representative of Mg-based hydrogen storage alloys.Recent research focused on the investigation of Mg-Ni-RE(RE=rare metals),aiming to further improve the hydrogen storage performance of Mg-Ni alloys.However,due to the introduction of massive heavy metals,the hydrogen capacities of the whole material seriously decrease.Adding catalysts to Mg/MgH_(2)has been proved to be an efficient approach to improve the hydrogen storage kinetics.This review classifies these additives as metal and intermetallic compounds,metal oxides,other metal compounds and metal/carbon-based composites.The hydrogen storage properties and mechanisms of the Mg-based composites are systematically illustrated as well.All the additives positively affect the hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetics of Mg/MgH_(2)in different degrees.In particular,the introduction of metal/carbon-based composites to Mg/Mg

关 键 词：储氢 MgH_(2) 镁基储氢材料 储氢机理 吸放氢性能 

分 类 号：TB34[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]