围产后期亚临床酮病对奶牛健康和生产性能的影响  

Effects of subclinical ketosis on the health and production performance of dairy cow in the late perinatal period

作　　者：赵婉莉 王雪莹[1] 张才[1,2] 刘克森 刘申奥 李世凡 豆雪茹 李元晓 秦静[1] ZHAO Wanli;WANG Xueying;ZHANG Cai;LIU Kesen;LIU Shen'ao;LI Shifan;DOU Xueru;LI Yuanxiao;QIN Jing(Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Healthy Breeding,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471000,China;Henan Province Research Center for Sheep Breeding Engineering,Luoyang 471000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学河南省健康养殖国际联合实验室,河南洛阳471000 [2]河南省肉羊繁育工程技术研究中心,河南洛阳471000

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2022年第14期67-73,共7页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31872537;31402263);河南省自然科学基金项目(182300410087)。

摘　　要：为了探究围产后期奶牛亚临床酮病(subclinical ketosis, SCK)对奶牛健康和生产性能的影响,试验在陕西省某大型集约化牧场选取560头奶牛于产后第1,4天测定血液电解质,并根据产后第4天的血酮水平,筛选对照组健康奶牛和亚临床酮病组奶牛各60头,每组含1胎、2胎、3胎、3胎以上(3+胎)奶牛各15头,跟踪记录各组奶牛产后21 d内健康状况,统计产后奶牛真胃移位、胎衣不下、乳腺炎、肠炎、蹄病的发病情况;产后第7,14,21天的日泌乳量;每头奶牛产后305 d内每天的产奶量并计算其本胎次泌乳总量、高峰日、高峰奶量、泌乳持续力相关指标;统计每头奶牛的配准天数与输精次数繁殖指标。结果表明:在产后第1天,亚临床酮病组血清中钠离子(Na)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),离子钙(iCa)含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05);在产后第4天,亚临床酮病组血清中Na含量高于对照组,亚临床酮病组血清中iCa含量低于对照组,但均差异不显著(P>0.05)。亚临床酮病组奶牛产后真胃移位、胎衣不下的发病率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。在奶牛产后第7,14天,对照组奶牛泌乳量较亚临床酮病组分别增加了2.49,2.30 kg;1胎次(头胎)奶牛中亚临床酮病组305 d泌乳总量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);经产牛(2胎次、3胎次以上)中亚临床酮病组305 d泌乳总量均比对照组低,但差异不显著(P>0.05);高胎次奶牛(3+胎次)泌乳持续力显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。亚临床酮病组1胎次奶牛输精次数与配准天数均高于对照组,但差异不显著(P>0.05),其中2胎次、3+胎次奶牛输精次数与配准天数均极显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。说明亚临床酮病会对奶牛健康和生产性能造成影响,同时会增加真胃移位、胎衣不下等产后疾病的发病率,且亚临床酮病对泌乳总量的影响与胎次有关。In order to explore the effects of cow subclinical ketosis(SCK) on the health and production performance of dairy cows in the late perinatal period, the experiment selected 560 dairy cows in a large-scale intensive pasture in Shaanxi Province. Blood electrolytes were measured on the 1 st and 4 th day postpartum, and 60 healthy cows in the control group and 60 cows in the subclinical ketosis group were screened according to the blood ketone level on the 4 th day postpartum. Each group contained 15 cows with 1, 2, 3, and more than 3 parities(3+ parities). The health status of dairy cows in each group within 21 days postpartum was tracked and recorded, and statistics on the incidence of postpartum cows’ true stomach displacement, retained placenta, mastitis, enteritis, foot disease and other diseases were carried out, and daily milk production on days 7, 14, and 21 postpartum;the daily milk production of each dairy cow within 305 days postpartum and the total milk production, peak day, peak milk volume, and sustainability-related lactation indicators were calculated. The number of registration days and the number of inseminations for each cow were counted. The results showed that on the first postpartum day, the serum sodium ion(Na) content in the subclinical ketosis group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05), and the ionized calcium(iCa) content was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05). On the 4 th postpartum day, the serum Nacontent in the subclinical ketosis group was higher than that in the control group, and the serum iCacontent in the subclinical ketosis group was lower than that in the control group, but the difference was not significant(P>0.05). The incidence rates of postpartum true stomach displacement and retained placenta in the subclinical ketosis group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05). On the 7 th and 14 th postpartum days, the average milk yield of the cows in the control group increased by 2.49 and 2.30 kg, respectiv

关 键 词：亚临床酮病 奶牛 血钙浓度 健康 生产性能 

分 类 号：S856.5[农业科学—临床兽医学]