新疆北疆地区某规模化奶牛场奶牛副结核病的检测与分析  

Detection and analysis of paratuberculosis in dairy cows in a large-scale dairy farm in Northern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

作　　者：张丽媛 吴桐忠[2] 马雪 操义恒 王巧梅 王子杰 李劼[1] 周霞[1] 黄新[2] 何延华[2] 韩猛立[1] 张星星[2] 钟发刚[2] ZHANG Liyuan;WU Tongzhong;MA Xue;CAO Yiheng;WANG Qiaomei;WANG Zijie;LI Jie;ZHOU Xia;HUANG Xin;HE Yanhua;HAN Mengli;ZHANG Xingxing;ZHONG Fagang(College of Animal Science and Technology,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832003,China;State Key Laboratory of Province-ministry Co-construction Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Breeding,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences,Shihezi 832000,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学动物科技学院,新疆石河子832003 [2]新疆农垦科学院省部共建绵羊遗传改良与健康养殖国家重点实验室,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2022年第14期78-83,共6页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：兵团重点领域科技攻关计划项目(2019AB029);兵团国际合作计划项目(2019BC004);兵团区域创新引导计划项目(2018BB036);省部共建绵羊遗传改良与健康养殖国家重点实验室优秀中青年人才培养引导计划专项(SKLSGIHP2017A03);兵团重大科技攻关项目(2014AA001-3)。

摘　　要：为了了解新疆北疆地区某规模化奶牛场副结核病的流行情况,试验按照分层抽样的原则,随机采集不同年龄阶段258份奶牛血清样本,用ELISA方法检测副结核病血清抗体;采集5份长期腹泻、体型消瘦奶牛的直肠刮取物,应用PCR方法扩增副结核分枝杆菌的16S rRNA基因、IS900基因及亚型分型基因,并进行16S rRNA基因序列测定与同源性比对。结果表明:该养殖场奶牛副结核病血清抗体阳性率为17.44%(45/258);>3~6月龄犊牛副结核血清抗体阳性率为38.24%(13/34),极显著高于>1~2岁(7.89%,3/38)、>2~3岁(9.72%,7/72)、>5~6岁(4.55%,1/22)成年牛(P<0.01);犊牛期副结核病血清抗体阳性率为31.48%(17/54),高于育成期(8.57%,3/35)、泌乳后期(11.43%,4/35),差异显著(P<0.05);头胎牛副结核病血清抗体阳性率为7.69%(5/65),低于0胎牛(22.47%,20/89)、二胎牛(21.95%,9/41),差异显著(P<0.05);犊牛阶段副结核病血清抗体阳性率高于育成阶段(8.57%,3/35)、妊娠阶段(15.87%,10/63)和泌乳阶段(14.15%,15/106),差异显著(P<0.05),育成阶段与妊娠阶段、泌乳阶段差异不显著(P>0.05)。5份直肠刮取物PCR检测结果显示,3份样品为牛型副结核分枝杆菌。说明该规模化牛场副结核感染情况不容乐观,不同年龄、生产阶段、胎次和生理阶段均有分布,感染菌株为牛型副结核分枝杆菌,提示犊牛感染是影响奶牛副结核病感染的重要风险因素。In order to understand the prevalence and distribution of paratuberculosis in a large-scale dairy farm in Northern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,according to the principle of stratified sampling,the experiment randomly collected 258 serum samples of dairy cows of different ages.ELISA was used to detect serum antibody of paratuberculosis.Rectal scrapings were collected from 5 long-term diarrhea and lean cows.PCR method was applied to amplify 16 S rRNA gene,IS900 gene and subtype gene of Mycobacterium avium subsp.Paratuberculosis,and 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and homology comparison were carried out.The results showed that the positive rate of serum antibody in the farm was 17.44%(45/258).The positive rate of paratuberculosis serum antibody in calves aged>3-6 months(38.24%,13/34)was very significantly higher than those of adult cattle aged>1-2(7.89%,3/38),>2-3(9.72%,7/72),and>5-6 years old(4.55%,1/22,P<0.01).The positive rate of paratuberculosis serum antibody in the calf stage was 31.48%(17/54),which was significantly higher than those in the rearing stage(8.57%,3/35)and late lactation stage(11.43%,4/35,P<0.05).The positive rate of paratuberculosis serum antibody of first-born cattle(7.69%,5/65)was significantly lower than those of 0-born cattle(22.47%,20/89)and second-born cattle(21.95%,9/41,P<0.05).The positive rate of paratuberculosis serum antibody in the calf stage was significantly higher than that in the rearing stage(8.57%,3/35),pregnancy stage(15.87%,10/63)and lactation stage(14.15%,15/106,P<0.05);there was no significant difference between the rearing stage,pregnancy stage and lactation stage(P>0.05).The PCR test results of 5 rectal scrapes showed that 3 samples were bovine type Mycobacterium avium subsp.Paratuberculosis.The results suggested that the infection of paratuberculosis in this large-scale cattle farm was not optimistic,and it accured in cows of in different ages,production stages,parity and physiological status.The infection strain was bovine type Mycobacterium avium subsp.Paratuberculosis

关 键 词：新疆 奶牛 副结核病 副结核分枝杆菌 血清抗体 

分 类 号：S855.1[农业科学—临床兽医学]