博弈游戏中儿童的情感决策及推理原则  

Emotional Decision-making and Reasoning Principles of Children in Games

作　　者：章滢[1] Zhang Ying

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学教师教育学院,南京210046

出　　处：《南京社会科学》2022年第6期146-153,共8页Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences

摘　　要：情感决策能力作为一种重要的社会适应能力,在学前阶段发展迅速,并与儿童之后的学业成就、同伴关系等具有密切和特定的关系。博弈任务是对儿童情感决策发展研究的主要范式,本研究采用实验经济学的经典博弈理论对4—5岁儿童进行情感决策研究,进而探究中国文化背景下的儿童情感决策的推理原则。研究发现,4—5岁儿童的博弈游戏要约数高于国外已有研究数据,半数以上被试表现出了公平分配的决策行为,博弈得分没有显著性别差异;4—5岁儿童的博弈游戏策略主要为自我关注推理和需要定向推理这两类推理类型,策略类型存在显著性别差异,女孩以需要定向推理为主,男孩两类推理类型各半;4—5岁儿童博弈游戏中情感决策的心理基础为基于联合意图性的亲社会推理。研究表明,中国4—5岁儿童的情感决策能力在联合意图性认知表征、自我—他人等价性社会递归推理的基础上,随着文化认同的发展而逐渐形成更具有群体意识的、基于社会规范的道德自我管理。Emotional decision-making is a process of making choices when individuals are faced with value contradictions and lead to emotional conflicts.As an important ability of social adaptation,emotional decision-making ability develops rapidly in the pre-school stage,and has a close and specific relationship with children’s academic achievement and peer relationship.Game task is the main paradigm for the study of children’s emotional decision-making development.In order to enrich and improve the research on children’s emotional decision-making in our country,cultivate and promote the development of children’s emotional decision-making ability,and then explore the reasoning principles of children’s emotional decision-making under the background of Chinese culture,this study uses the classic game of experimental economics-ultimatum game and dictator game to study the emotional decision-making of 4-and 5-year-old children.The study found that more than half of the 4-5 year old children showed fair distribution decision-making behavior.There is no significant gender difference in game scores.The game strategies are mainly two types of reasoning:self-attention reasoning and need-oriented reasoning.There are significant gender differences in strategy types.The psychological basis of emotional decision-making in 4-5 year old children’s games is prosocial reasoning based on collective intentionality.

关 键 词：儿童 情感决策 联合意图性 

分 类 号：G44[哲学宗教—心理学]