珠海市2019新型冠状病毒奥密克戎变异株感染者的临床特征分析  

Clinical characteristics of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus Omicron variant in Zhuhai City

作　　者：何娇玲 罗玉婷 李颖[1] 卢嘉惠 张丛楠 夏瑾瑜[1] 黄明星[1] He Jiaoling;Luo Yuting;Li Ying;Lu Jiahui;Zhang Congnan;Xia Jingyu;Huang Mingxing(Department of Infectious Diseases,The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University,Zhuhai 519000,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学附属第五医院感染病防治中心,珠海519000

出　　处：《中华传染病杂志》2022年第5期264-269,共6页Chinese Journal of Infectious Diseases

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金(2021A1515010458);珠海市科技计划项目。

摘　　要：目的探讨珠海市2019新型冠状病毒(2019 novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV)奥密克戎变异株感染者的临床特征。方法回顾性分析2022年1月13日至25日中山大学附属第五医院收治的39例2019-nCoV奥密克戎变异株感染者(奥密克戎变异株组), 以及2020年1月17日至2月17日收治的98例2019-nCoV非奥密克戎变异株感染者(非奥密克戎变异株组), 分别比较2组成人和儿童感染者的临床特征。统计学方法采用曼-惠特尼U检验、χ^(2)检验和Fisher确切概率法。结果 21例奥密克戎变异株组成人患者的年龄为34.0(26.0, 40.5)岁, 小于93例非奥密克戎变异株组成人患者[50.0(36.0, 62.0)岁, Z=-3.81, P<0.001], 有基础疾病患者的比例小于非奥密克戎变异株组[4.8%(1/21)比31.2%(29/93), χ^(2)=6.17, P=0.013];奥密克戎变异株组的临床分型为轻型[71.4%(15/21)]或普通型[28.6%(6/21)], 而非奥密克戎变异株组以普通型[57.0%(53/93)]和重型[23.7%(22/93)]为主, 两组患者临床分型差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=31.79,P<0.001);奥密克戎变异株组核酸持续阳性时间较长[14.0(10.5, 16.5) d比8.5(4.0, 12.0) d, Z=-3.56, P<0.001], 奥密克戎变异株组胸部计算机断层成像表现为肺炎的比例少于非奥密克戎变异株组[28.6%(6/21)比86.0%(80/93),χ^(2)=30.52, P<0.001], 差异均有统计学意义。2组儿童感染者的临床特征差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.050), 但奥密克戎变异株组的儿童感染率高于非奥密克戎变异株组[46.2%(18/39)比5.1%(5/98),χ^(2)=33.65,P<0.001]。结论珠海市2019-nCoV奥密克戎变异株成人感染者的临床分型较轻, 出现肺炎比例较少, 但核酸持续阳性时间较长;儿童感染者的临床特征无特异性, 但儿童感染率明显升高。Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)Omicron variant in Zhuhai City.Methods A retrospective study was conducted to compare the clinical characteristics of patients infected with 2019-nCoV Omicron variant(Omicron variant group,39 cases)from January 13 to January 25,2022,and those infected with 2019-nCoV non-Omicron variant(non-Omicron variant group,98 cases)from January 17 to February 17,2020,in the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University.Statistic methods were used by Mann-Whitney U test,chi-square test and Fisher exact probability test.Results Among adults,the age of 21 patients in Omicron variant group was younger than that of 93 patients in non-Omicron variant group(34.0(26.0,40.5)years vs 50.0(36.0,62.0)years,Z=-3.81,P<0.001).Patients with underlying diseases in Omicron variant group were fewer than those in non-Omicron variant group(4.8%(1/21)vs 31.2%(29/93),χ^(2)=6.17,P=0.013).The clinical classification of the Omicron variant group was mainly mild(71.4%(15/21))or common type(28.6%(6/21)),while the non-Omicron variant group was dominated with common type(57.0%(53/93))and severe type(23.7%(22/93)),and the clinical classification of the two groups had statistically difference(χ^(2)=31.79,P<0.001).The time of positive nucleic acid in Omicron variant group was longer than that in non-Omicron variant group(14.0(10.5,16.5)d vs 8.5(4.0,12.0)d,Z=-3.56,P<0.001).The proportion of pneumonia in Omicron variant group was less than that in non-Omicron variant group(28.6%(6/21)vs 86.0%(80/93),χ^(2)=30.52,P<0.001).Differences were all statistically significant.There was no significant difference of the clinical characteristics in pediatric patients,but the proportion of children infected with 2019-nCoV Omicron variant was significantly higher than that infected with 2019-nCoV non-Omicron variant(46.2%(18/39)vs 5.1%(5/98),χ^(2)=33.65,P<0.001).Conclusions Adults infected with 2019-nCoV Omicron variant in Zhuhai City present with milder cl

关 键 词：冠状病毒感染 2019新型冠状病毒 奥密克戎变异株 临床特征 

分 类 号：R563.1[医药卫生—呼吸系统]