东北春玉米区温度条件与玉米生长发育及产量形成的量化分析  

Quantitative Analysis of Temperature Conditions and Maize Growth and Yield Formation in Spring Maize Region of Northeast China

作　　者：张书萍[1] 王延波[1] 赵海岩[1] 常程[1] 隋阳辉[1] 徐亮[1] 刘晶[1] 肖万欣[1] ZHANG Shu-ping;WANG Yan-bo;ZHAO Hai-yan;CHANG Cheng;SUI Yang-hui;XU Liang;LIU Jing;XIAO Wan-xin(Corn Research Institute,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang 110161,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业科学院玉米研究所,沈阳110161

出　　处：《玉米科学》2022年第3期54-62,共9页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300303-2);辽宁省自然科学基金项目(2021-MS-049);辽宁省农业科学院院长基金项目(2021MS0501)。

摘　　要：为明确不同熟期春玉米生长发育、产量形成与积温的响应关系,阐明不同熟期玉米杂交种产量形成机理,筛选适宜辽宁中北部地区气候条件的播期与品种。2017~2018年,在大田条件下,选择先玉335、郑单958和沈玉21不同熟期的品种,分别在4月20日,5月5日和5月20日进行播种,分析不同生育阶段积温变化特征。研究表明,不同生育阶段积温变异系数依次为播种期至出苗期>吐丝期至成熟期>出苗期至吐丝期>播种期至成熟期>出苗期至成熟期>播种期至吐丝期(S-R1)。与其他阶段相比,水泡期(R2)以后的GDD与产量形成相关性相对较高。随播期推迟,生育期及其GDD呈缩短趋势。与其他播期相比,5月5日播种,叶面积日温增长率达峰值后衰减幅度较低。郑单958整个生育期叶面积和干物质日温增长率分别表现“前增加后缓减”和“前缓增后缓减”趋势,生育后期衰减幅度均表现较低,干物质转化率较高,最终获得了较高的群体产量。To clarify the accumulated temperature matching relationship between growth and development,and yield formation of spring maize,elucidate the yield formation mechanism of maize hybrids at different maturity groups,and screen planting date and hybrids for suitable climatic condition of Liaoning province.This trial was planted on April 20,May 5 and May 20 with different maturity group hybrids was selected,namely Xianyu335,Zhengdan958 and Shenyu 21 under field condition from 2017 to 2018.The variation characteristics of growth stage and its accumulated temperature were analyzed.The results showed that the variation coefficients of growing degreedays(GDD)at different growth stages were as follows:S-VE>R1-R6>VE-R1>S-R6>VE-R6>S-R1.Compared with other growth stages,GDD of after R2 growth stage had a higher correlation with yield formation.With the delay of planting date,the growth stages and its GDD tended to shorten.Compared with other planting dates,the decreas⁃ing range of daily temperature growth rate of the whole plant leaf area after reached the peak value on May 5 was rel⁃atively lower.Compared with other hybrids,daily temperature growth rates of leaf area and dry matter of Zheng⁃dan958 during the whole growth period showed a trend of"increasing before,slowly decreasing later"and"slowly in⁃creasing before,slowly decreasing later",respectively.The decreasing range of daily temperature growth rates of leaf area and dry matter of ZD958 was lower than those of other hybrids at the late growth stages,the dry matter conver⁃sion rate of ZD958 was higher than those of other hybrids,which got a better yield record.

关 键 词：玉米 播期 积温 生长发育 产量 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学]