半湿润区秸秆还田及耕作技术对土壤水分、玉米光合特性及产量的影响  

Effects of Straw Returning and Tillage Techniques on Soil Moisture,Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Maize in Semi Humid Area

作　　者：张丽华[1,2] 栾天宇 徐晨 闫伟平[1,2] 于江 孙宁[1] 谭国波 赵洪祥[1] 李斐 孟祥盟[1] 边少锋[1] ZHANG Li-hua;LUAN Tian-yu;XU Chen;YU Jiang;YAN Wei-ping;SUN Ning;TAN Guo-bo;ZHAO Hong-xiang;LI Fei;MENG Xiang-meng;BIAN Shao-feng(Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changchun 130033;Gongzhuling Experimental Station of Crop Water Use,Ministry of Agriculture,Gongzhuling 136100,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院,长春130033 [2]农业部作物高效用水公主岭科学实验站,吉林公主岭136100

出　　处：《玉米科学》2022年第3期100-107,共8页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFD0300605);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系项目;吉林省农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2021TD003)。

摘　　要：研究土壤水分、玉米光合特性及产量对秸秆不同还田耕作技术的响应,为半湿润区水分、光能高效利用及玉米增产栽培模式提供理论依据。2018和2019年,采用秸秆还田和土壤耕作相结合的方法,设置秸秆离田旋耕起垄(CK)、秸秆深翻还田(SP)、免耕秸秆覆盖还田(SC)、秸秆覆盖深松(SS)4个处理。研究结果表明,2018和2019年各生育时期土壤含水率、叶面积指数、叶片的P_(n)、G_(s)、C_(i)和T_(r),SS处理均显著高于CK处理。与CK相比,SS、SP、SC处理2018和2019年的玉米产量分别增加13.88%和14.82%、7.59%和9.12%、7.42%和8.5%。秸秆条带覆盖深松技术适合作为半湿润区水分、光能高效利用和玉米增产的一种优化栽培技术进行推广应用。To study the response of soil water,photosynthetic characteristics of maize and yield to different straw returning tillage techniques,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the efficient utilization of water and light energy and the cultivation mode of increasing maize yield in semi humid area.In 2018 and 2019,the combination of straw returning to the field and soil tillage was used to set up four treatments:straw ridging(CK),straw deep plough⁃ing(SP),no tillage straw mulching(SC)and straw mulching subsoiling(SS).The results showed that the soil moisture content,leaf area index,Pn,Gs,Ci and Tr of SS treatments were significantly higher than CK treatment,in 2018 and 2019;Compared with CK treatment,the maize yield of SS,SP and SC treatments increased by 13.88%and 14.82%,7.59%and 9.12%,7.42%and 8.5%in 2018 and 2019.The straw strip mulching subsoiling technology was suitable to be used as an optimized cultivation technology for water and light efficient utilization and maize yield increase in semi humid area.

关 键 词：玉米 秸秆还田 半湿润区 土壤水分 光合特性 产量 

分 类 号：S513.047[农业科学—作物学]