论“莽汉审美”的发展与李逵形象演变  

The Development of Barbarian Aesthetics and the Evolution of Li Kui’s Image

作　　者：董国炎[1] DONG Guo-yan(School of Liberal Arts,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou Jiangsu 225000,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学文学院,江苏扬州225000

出　　处：《菏泽学院学报》2022年第3期97-111,共15页Journal of Heze University

基　　金：国家社科基金艺术学重大项目“中国说书通史”(20ZD24)。

摘　　要：宋元时代中国通俗文艺中兴起“莽汉审美”,众多出身下层的莽汉英雄以鲁莽勇猛的姿态登上文艺舞台,这在中国文化史上前所未有。莽汉审美兴起的深层原因缘于豪门世族政治衰亡、平民地位上升。莽汉审美的发展演变波折起伏,其早期凶悍狠辣夸饰的审美风格逐渐受到矫正,诙谐调侃的审美风格兴起。莽汉审美受到正统观念压抑,三国和五代史故事的早期风格被矫正或者封杀。后起的水浒及李逵故事尚未矫正凶悍狠辣风格,就与已经发达的出版业遭遇并出现所谓小说“定本”。而中国说唱文艺和戏曲等众多文艺部类基本没有“定本”意识,不断创新演变,水浒和李逵故事尤其如此。有些研究者对中国文艺各部类关联互动关系缺乏了解,孤立静止地看待水浒文化与李逵形象,根据小说“定本”彻底否定李逵,把中国文化定性为暴力文化与黑帮文化。这些学者应当开阔研究视野,改进孤立静止的研究方法。Barbarian aesthetics rose in Chinese popular literature and art in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. It was unprecedented in the history of Chinese culture that many barbarian heroes from the lower class stepped onto the stage of literature and art with a reckless and brave image. The deep reason for the rise of the barbarian aesthetic was the political decline of the rich and the rise of the civil. Its development and evolution had ups and downs, the early fierce and cruel aesthetic style had been gradually corrected, and the style of humour had gradually sprung up. The barbarian aesthetic was suppressed by orthodox ideas, and the early style of the historical stories of The Three Kingdoms and Five Dynasties was corrected or blocked. Before the fierce and cruel style of the later Water Margin and Li Kui stories was corrected, it had encountered with the developed publishing industry and the so-called “final version” of the novels. However, many Chinese literature and art, such as rap literature and opera, basically did not have the consciousness of “final version”, especially the stories of Water Margin and Li Kui, which were constantly innovating and evolving. Some researchers lack understanding of the relationship and interaction between various branches of Chinese literature and art, treat Water Margin culture and the image of Li Kui in isolation and stillness, completely deny Li Kui according to the “final version”, and define Chinese culture as violent culture and gangster culture. These scholars should broaden their research vision and improve their isolated and static research methods.

关 键 词：莽汉审美 早期弊端 矫正趋势 李逵形象 演变历程 

分 类 号：I207.412[文学—中国文学]