北京市某区一起新型冠状病毒肺炎家庭聚集性疫情调查分析  

Investigation and analysis of a family cluster of COVID-19 in a district of Beijing

作　　者：王会波[1] 张文增[1] 孟天悦 WANG Hui-bo;ZHANG Wen-zeng;MENG Tian-yue(Shunyi District Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Beijing 101300,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市顺义区疾病预防控制中心,101300

出　　处：《首都公共卫生》2022年第3期188-191,共4页Capital Journal of Public Health

摘　　要：目的通过对2021年1月北京市某区一起家庭聚集性新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)疫情的调查分析及讨论,为后续COVID-19聚集性疫情的防控提供依据。方法运用现场流行病学方法,对本起疫情涉及的一个家庭7例病例及关联的3例病例进行流行病学特征描述、密切接触者(以下简称密接)追查和环境样本分析。结果10例病例中确诊病例6例,无症状感染者4例,传染源为当地已经确诊的3例本土确诊病例,在某超市购物过程中存在时空交集而感染,经治疗达到出院标准的10例病例中3例治愈后复检病毒核酸再呈现阳性(以下简称复阳),复阳率为30.00%;“小饭桌”家庭环境新冠病毒核酸阳性检出率为60.00%;接送学生用的家用车环境阳性检出率为95.00%。结论密闭环境反复无防护接触导致聚集性疫情高发;无症状感染者可发展为确诊病例;发病后自行服药或不到正规医疗机构治疗造成疫情蔓延;病例出院后复阳并不能用于评估疾病严重程度;不配合流调工作给疫情防控带来阻碍,建立多部门联合流调机制势在必行。Objective To analyze and discuss a family cluster of COVID-19 in a district,Beijing in January 2021,and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of cluster epidemic of COVID-19.Methods The epidemiological characteristics of 7 cases in a family and 3 related cases were described by using the method of field epidemiology.The close contact persons were followed up and the environmental samples were analyzed.Results Among the 10 cases,6 were confirmed cases and 4 were asymptomatic infections.The source of infection was 3 local confirmed cases that had been confirmed locally,and they were infected during the shopping process of a supermarket.Of the 10 cases that met the discharge standard after treatment,3 cases had a re-positive of nucleic acid,with a 30.00%positivity rate of retesting.In the home environment samples,the positivity rate was 60.00%for“the small lunch tables”and 95.00%for the family car used to transport students.Conclusions Repeated unprotected contact in a closed environment leads to high incidence of cluster outbreaks;asymptomatic infected individuals can develop into confirmed cases.Self-medication or visiting an irregular medical facility after symptoms appear can result in the spread of the epidemic.The cases of re-positive of nucleic acid after discharge were not be used to assess the severity of the disease.The lack of coordination with the epidemiological work has hindered the prevention and control of the epidemic.It is imperative to establish a multi-sectoral joint epidemiological investigation mechanism.

关 键 词：新型冠状病毒肺炎 家庭聚集性 流行病学特征 复阳 联合流调 

分 类 号：R563.1[医药卫生—呼吸系统] R181.8[医药卫生—内科学]