契约农业能否促进养殖户绿色生产转型  

Can Contract Farming Promote Farmers’Green Production Transition?

作　　者：谭永风 陆迁[1] 张淑霞[2] TAN Yongfeng;LU Qian;ZHANG Shuxia

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学经济管理学院,杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学动物医学院,杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业技术经济》2022年第7期16-33,共18页Journal of Agrotechnical Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“保护性耕作技术采用的需求诱导机制研究:组织支持、跨期选择与激励效果”(编号:71973105);教育部人文社科规划项目“重大疫情冲击下生猪养殖户生产恢复力评估、驱动机制与政策优化研究”(编号:20YJA790089);中央高校项目“环境规制与疫情冲击复杂情境下畜牧业绿色转型研究”(编号:2452020056)。

摘　　要：“龙头企业+农户”作为一种新型契约养殖模式,对于保障畜牧产业稳定增长和养殖户持续增收起到积极作用,但面对日趋严重的资源环境约束,这种契约模式能否促进养殖绿色生产转型仍需进一步检验。本文利用四川、河南和山东三省468户生猪养殖户调查数据,采用内生转换回归模型,在考虑和修正样本选择偏误的基础上,基于反事实框架实证分析了契约农业参与对养殖户绿色生产转型的影响效应与机制。主要研究结论如下,第一,契约农业参与能够促进养殖户绿色生产转型,在反事实假设情境下,参与契约农业养殖户若未参与契约农业时,其绿色生产转型将降低9.20%;未参与契约农业养殖户若参与契约农业时,其绿色生产转型将提高37.26%。第二,契约农业参与扩大了养殖户间绿色生产转型的差距,参与契约农业对养殖户绿色生产转型程度差距的贡献率为7.71%。第三,契约农业参与对养殖户绿色生产转型的影响存在群组性差异,表现为契约农业不仅可促进有绿色转型意愿养殖户的绿色生产转型,还可促进无转型意愿养殖户的绿色生产转型,且养殖规模较小、养殖收入占比较低及风险偏好程度偏低的养殖户,契约农业参与对其绿色生产转型的促进效果更好。第四,机制探讨表明,契约农业参与对养殖户绿色生产转型的促进作用依次源于成本控制机制、技术采纳机制和质量监督机制。As a new contractual farming mode,“leading enterprise+farmers”plays a positive role in ensuring the stable growth of the livestock industry and the continuous income increase of farmers.However,in the face of increasingly serious resource and environmental constraints,whether this contractual mode can promote the transition of green farming production still needs to be further tested.Based on the survey data of 468 pig farmers in Sichuan,Henan and Shandong provinces,this paper adopts the endogenous transformation regression model,considers and corrects the error of sample selection,and empirically analyzes the effect and mechanism of contractual farming participation on the degree of green production transformation of pig farmers based on the counterfactual framework.The main research conclusions are as follows:First,contract farming participation can promote the degree of green production transition of farmers.Under the counterfactual assumption,if farmers who participate in contract farming do not participate in contract farming,their green production transition will be reduced by 9.20%.If farmers who did not participate in contracted farming participated in contracted farming,their green production transition would be increased by 37.26%.Second,participation in contract farming widened the gap between farmers in the green production transition,and the contribution rate of participation in contract farming to the gap between farmers in the green production transition was 7.71%.Third,Third,there are group differences in the impact of contract farming participation on the green production transition of farmers,which is reflected in that contract farming can not only promote the green production transition of farmers with green transition willingness,but also promote the green production transition of farmers without the willingness to transform,and for farmers with small breeding scale,low income from breeding,and low-risk appetite,contract farming participation has a better effect on promoting their green pr

关 键 词：契约农业 养殖户绿色生产转型 内生转换回归模型 Fields分解法 

分 类 号：F326.3[经济管理—产业经济] X322[环境科学与工程—环境工程]