“厕所革命”与农村未成年人健康:微观证据及作用机制  

Toilet Revolution and Rural Adolescent Health:Micro-evidence and Action Mechanism

作　　者：董杰 尹希果[1] 张宽 李后建 DONG Jie;YIN Xiguo;ZHANG Kuan;LI Houjian

机构地区：[1]重庆大学经济与工商管理学院,重庆400044 [2]四川农业大学经济学院,成都611130

出　　处：《农业技术经济》2022年第7期128-144,共17页Journal of Agrotechnical Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:71603177)。

摘　　要：本文利用2014年中国教育追踪调查数据中的农村微观样本,在控制函数法的有序多分类模型(CF-oprobit)实证框架下,对厕所卫生设施改善与未成年人身体健康的因果效应和内在影响机制进行了系统评估和识别。研究发现,(1)农村家庭拥有独立使用厕所会显著提升处于12~16周岁的未成年人健康水平。(2)异质性分析表明,独立厕所对上述年龄阶段未成年人健康的保护作用在少数民族、独生子女以及学龄前为留守儿童的样本中体现得更为明显。(3)独立厕所对于该阶段未成年人的健康保护机制并不是传统文献所认为的通过阻断排泄物对水源污染实现的,而更有可能的解释是:独立厕所可以解决传统开放式厕所人畜排泄物堆积的问题,进而避免蚊蝇和空气等其他途径导致细菌传播。(4)对接通自来水的家庭样本分析表明,拥有不同类型厕所卫生设施均能显著提升上述年龄阶段未成年人的健康概率且作用效果不存在显著差别。本文的研究工作,不仅丰富了关于卫生基础设施的健康效应领域文献,还对当下中国进一步改善农村人居环境提供了经验参考。“Toilet revolution”in rural areas of China is an important connotation to implementing a rural revitalization strategy.This paper systematically identifies the causal effects and action mechanism of toilet sanitation improvement and adolescent health under the empirical framework with the control function approach(CF-oprobit)using the micro-samples from the 2014 CEPS data.This study has been found as follows.First,using independent toilets in rural households can significantly improve the health of adolescents aged 12-16.Second,the heterogeneity analysis shows that the health protection effect of the independent toilet is more pronounced among minorities(rather than Han ethnic group),only children and children left behind during the preschool years when their parents traveled to urban areas for work.Third,the protection mechanism of the independent toilet is not traditional literature thought by blocking water pollution,and the more likely explanation is that the independent toilet can solve the problems of human and animal waste accumulation in open toilets,thus avoiding the flies and other airway lead to the spread.Fourth,the analysis of the households connected to the piped water shows that using different types of toilets significantly improved the health probability and no significant difference in the effect was found.This research not only enriches the literature on the health effects of sanitation infrastructure but also provides an empirical reference for further improving the rural human settlements environment in China.

关 键 词：厕所革命 未成年人群体 健康保护效应 中国农村 

分 类 号：R127[医药卫生—环境卫生学]