龙江河近岸沉积物细菌群落结构特征及其影响因素  

Characteristics of bacterial community structure in the nearshore sediments of Longjiang River and the environmental impact factors

作　　者：姚胜勋 蒙江泉 陆素芬 黄常小 YAO Shengxun;MENG Jiangquan;LU Sufen;HUANG Changxiao(College of Chemical and Biological Engineering,Hechi University,Yizhou 546300,Guangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]河池学院化学与生物工程学院,广西宜州546300

出　　处：《微生物学通报》2022年第7期2470-2485,共16页Microbiology China

基　　金：广西高校中青年教师基础能力提升项目(2020KY15016,2019KY0626)。

摘　　要：【背景】2012年“溃坝事件”发生以来,龙江河重金属污染持续受到关注。【目的】揭示重金属污染河流近岸沉积物中细菌群落结构特征及环境影响因子。【方法】基于高通量测序方法(Illumina MiSeq PE300)研究龙江河近岸沉积物细菌群落多样性、分布特征及其与环境因子的相关性。【结果】龙江河近岸沉积物中As、Cd和Zn平均含量分别为25.06、3.20和205.36 mg/kg,分别达到广西土壤环境背景值的1.22、11.97和2.72倍,均存在不同程度的污染;C/N值在3.66−13.15之间,平均值为10.55,沉积物中有机氮处于矿化消耗状态。细菌群落在门水平上的优势物种有绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi,12.16%−35.36%)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria,7.69%−30.85%)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria,8.56%−22.48%)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes,5.26%−30.41%)、脱硫杆菌门(Desulfurobacteria,1.14%−10.65%)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria,1.55%−4.17%)这6个门;纲水平上有:厌氧绳菌纲(Anaerolineae,8.92%−30.04%)、γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria,5.10%−24.98%)、拟杆菌纲(Bacteroidetes,1.54%−26.95%)、酸杆菌纲(Acidobacteria,1.69%−9.40%)、Vicinamibacteria(1.23%−9.09%)和α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria,2.42%−6.67%)这6个纲。相关性分析表明,沉积物细菌群落丰度主要与NH_(4)^(+)-N和pH存在显著相关性,细菌群落的ACE指数、Chao1指数与NH_(4)^(+)-N呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。【结论】沉积物细菌群落丰度和多样性主要受NH_(4)^(+)-N和pH影响,细菌群落丰富物种与碳、氮、磷、硫等元素生物地球化学循环有关,可能存在污染指示微生物和病原微生物群落。[Background]Heavy metal pollution in Longjiang River has been a great concern since the“dam collapse”in 2012.[Objective]To reveal the bacterial community structure in nearshore sediments of heavy metal-polluted rivers and the environmental influencing factors.[Methods]With the high-throughput sequencing method(Illumina MiSeq PE300),we investigated the bacterial community characteristics in nearshore sediments of Longjiang River and the correlation with environmental factors.[Results]The average content of As,Cd,and Zn in the nearshore sediments of Longjiang River was 25.06,3.20 and 205.36 mg/kg,1.22,11.97 and 2.72 folds of the soil environmental background values of Guangxi,respectively.The C/N ratio ranged from 3.66 to 13.15,with the average of 10.55,indicating that the organic nitrogen was mineralized in the sediments.The dominant bacterial phyla were Chloroflexi(12.16%-35.36%),Proteobacteria(7.69%-30.85%),Acidobacteria(8.56%-22.48%),Bacteroidetes(5.26%-30.41%),Desulfurobacteria(1.14%-10.65%),and Actinobacteria(1.55%-4.17%),and the dominant classes were Anaerolineae(8.92%-30.04%),Gammaproteobacteria(5.10%-24.98%),Bacteroidetes(1.54%-26.95%),Acidobacteria(1.69%-9.40%),Vicinamibacteria(1.23%-9.09%),and Alphaproteobacteria(2.42%-6.67%).Correlation analysis showed that the abundance of bacterial community in sediments was significantly correlated with NH_(4)^(+)-N and pH,and ACE and Chao 1 indexes of bacterial community were negatively correlated with NH_(4)^(+)-N(P<0.05).[Conclusion]The abundance and diversity of bacterial community in sediments were mainly affected by NH_(4)^(+)-N and pH,and the dominant communities were related to the biogeochemical cycle of carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus and sulfur.The sediments might be the home to some pollution indicator microorganisms and pathogenic microorganisms.

关 键 词：龙江河 近岸沉积物 重金属 细菌群落 生物地球化学循环 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X172