我国核桃脱壳设备概况与发展探析  

Research overview and development analysis of walnut shelling equipment in China

作　　者：张会娟 谢焕雄 王建楠 颜建春 刘敏基 魏海 Zhang Huijuan;Xie Huanxiong;Wang Jiannan;Yan Jianchun;Liu Minji;Wei Hai(Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing,210014,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所,南京市210014

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2022年第9期95-101,共7页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：中国农业科学院基本科研业务费(S202107-01、S202107-02、S202107-03);中国农业科学院科技创新工程主要粮经作物初加工装备创新团队。

摘　　要：脱壳是核桃采后加工处理过程中必不可少的重要环节,对我国核桃产业的发展具有举足轻重的作用。目前,我国大部分地区核桃采收后主要以初加工为主,费时费力,机械化程度低,脱壳环节存在露仁率低、破损率高等问题,已成为影响核桃产业快速发展的关键问题。在分析现有6种类型核桃脱壳设备结构、脱壳原理以及优缺点等基础上,阐述目前国内外核桃脱壳设备的发展概况,总结出我国核桃脱壳设备存在功能单一、作业成本高、性能不稳定、脱壳效率低、通用性差、利用率低等问题,提出今后应根据我国实际优化提升脱壳关键技术与结构,加强核桃脱壳新技术、新理论、新方法的应用研究,研发大型核桃脱壳设备,提升企业加工能力等对策和建议。Shelling is an essential part of walnut post-harvest processing and plays an important role in the development of walnut industry in China.At present,in most areas of China,walnut harvesting was mainly based on primary processing,time-consuming and laborious,with low mechanization degree,and the problems of low kernel exposure rate and high breakage rate in the shelling link and so on,which had become a key problem affecting the rapid development of walnut industry.Based on the analysis of 6 typical walnut shelling equipment s structure,shelling principle,advantages or disadvantages,and so on,this paper expounded the development situation of walnut shelling equipment at home and abroad at present.This paper summed up the problems of walnut shelling equipment in China and it included single function,high operation cost,performance instability,low efficiency,poor universality,low utilization rate and so on.Finally this paper put forward to some relative measures and suggestions of our country in future.We should optimize and improve the key technology and structure,strengthen the application research of new technology,new theory and new method of walnut shelling and develop large walnut shelling equipment,promote the processing capacity of enterprises.

关 键 词：核桃 脱壳 设备 脱壳原理 

分 类 号：S22[农业科学—农业机械化工程]