围绕“中心论”的困惑——四问“西方中心论”  

The Confusion Around "Centrism"——Four Questions on "Western Centrism"

作　　者：郭湛[1] Guo Zhan

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学哲学院

出　　处：《学术前沿》2022年第13期82-90,共9页Frontiers

摘　　要：人类历史中的“中心论”本质上是一个主体性问题。相对于外在客体的“主体中心”,“中心论”是人类存在和意识的基本设定。今天的“西方中心论”是在各种变异的主体性中长期形成并影响深远的一种“中心论”,是从“自我中心论”演化而来的“唯我中心论”。在走向全球化的“世界历史时代”,西方国家确实处于世界历史舞台的中心,成为全球舞台上的主角。在这个意义上,西方的中心地位是一个历史的事实。但是,世界历史是全世界所有民族国家的人民共同参与创造的,从普遍意义上说,世界人民是世界历史活动的主体,即“主角”或“中心”。至于从特殊意义上说,在特定时空范围内,哪个国家、民族、群体以及个人起了重要作用,成为某种“主角”或“中心”,乃是历史具体的变动的状态。依据主体的建设性作用与破坏性作用的区分,需要对所谓“西方中心论”追问究竟是建设还是破坏的中心。创造性是人所特有的主体性,是对重复的主体性的扬弃,是人的主体性的最高表现。人们有理由期待一个多极合作、多中心带动的世界,会更有利于世界各民族国家的和平发展,并有希望建构真正意义上的人类命运共同体。The "centrism" in human history is essentially a question of subjectivity.In contrast to the "subject-centeredness" of external objects,"centrism" is the basic setting of human existence and consciousness.Today’s "Western centrism" is a long-standing and influential "centrism" among various variations of subjectivity,which evolved from "egocentrism" and became solipsism.In the globalized "era of world history",Western countries are indeed at the center of the world historical stage and have become the protagonists on the global stage.The centrality of the West in this sense is a historical fact.However,world history is created through the participation of all peoples of the world,and in a universal sense,the people of the world are the "protagonists" or "centers" of world historical activity.In a special sense,which country,nation,group or individual plays an important role in a particular space and time and becomes a certain "protagonist" or "center" is a specific and changing state of history.Based on the distinction between the constructive and destructive roles of the subject,it is necessary to ask whether the so-called "Western centrism" is the center of construction or destruction.Creativity is the unique subjectivity of man,the abandonment of repetitive subjectivity,and the highest expression of human subjectivity.It is reasonable to expect that a multipolar and polycentric world will be more conducive to the peaceful development of all the nations of the world,and hopefully to the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind in the true sense.

关 键 词：中心 主体 客观 建设 创造性 

分 类 号：D0[政治法律—政治学]