清代中央算学馆述论  

On the Central School of Mathematics in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：王鹤琴 刘航涛 WANG Heqin;LIU Hangtao(College of History,Qingdao University,Qingdao,Shandong 266000,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛大学历史学院,山东青岛266000

出　　处：《吉林师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2022年第4期39-45,共7页Journal Of Jilin Normal University:Humanities & Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目(19CZJ012)。

摘　　要：南北朝时期,中国始有官方负责的算学教育。隋唐宋三代,算学在中央官学教育中均占据一定地位。但宋以后算学在中央官学中逐渐衰微。清代,在统治者的重视、西学东渐和乾嘉学派算学研究等多方因素的推动下,中央算学教育重新复苏。康熙年间在中央官学中设立算学馆,此为清代中央算学教育复兴之始。经过康熙雍正时期的不断发展,最终在乾隆时期中央算学形成了完备的建制。从算学馆的学生员额、算学生出路和算学馆总体发展情况等角度来看,算学馆所遵循的更多是一种“实用性”的政治导向教育,没有为中国古代算学教育带来质的改变。但是,清代中央算学馆在推动中国古代算学发展、促进晚清的变革和接受西方科学等方面所产生的影响,是我们无法忽视的。During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, China began to have officially responsible mathematics education. In Sui, Tang and Song Dynasties, mathematics played a certain role in the education of central government schools. But after Song Dynasty, mathematics gradually declined in the central official school. In the Qing Dynasty, driven by the attention of the rulers, the spread of western learning to the east and the Qian Jia School of mathematics, the central mathematics education revived. During the reign of Kangxi, the central government school set up an arithmetic school, which was the beginning of the revival of central arithmetic education in the Qing Dynasty. After the continuous development of Kangxi and Yongzheng periods, the central mathematics finally formed a complete system in the Qianlong period. From the perspective of the student posts, the outlet of students and the overall development of the school, the school followed a more“practical”political oriented education, which did not bring qualitative changes to the ancient Chinese School of mathematics. However, we cannot ignore the influence of the Central School of mathematics in the Qing Dynasty in promoting the development of ancient Chinese mathematics, promoting the reform of the late Qing Dynasty and accepting western science.

关 键 词：清代 中央官学 算学馆 社会影响 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]