考虑人因的多目标拆卸线平衡问题建模及优化  

Considering human factors for multi-objective disassembly line balancing problem modeling and optimization

作　　者：张则强[1] 郑红斌 曾艳清 许培玉 ZHANG Zeqiang;ZHENG Hongbin;ZENG Yanqing;XU Peiyu(School of Mechanical Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学机械工程学院,四川成都610031

出　　处：《华中科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第6期89-96,共8页Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51205328,51675450);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金资助项目(18YJC630255);四川省科技计划资助项目(2019YFG0285)。

摘　　要：针对实际拆卸线中依旧以人工拆卸为主、工人的体力和脑力负荷会极大影响拆卸效率、超负荷工作更会损害工人的身心健康问题,提出了考虑人因的多目标拆卸线平衡问题模型,通过以最小化工作站数目、空闲时间均衡指标和能量消耗指标为优化目标构建数学模型.基于问题特征,设计了改进天牛群算法,通过引入浓度探测操作、步长移动操作和变异操作增强算法的寻优及收敛性能,利用帕累托(Pareto)解集思想和拥挤距离机制筛选获得多个非劣解.将所提模型和算法应用于打印机拆卸实例中,用该算法和多种算法分别进行求解,通过结果对比验证了模型和算法的适用性及优越性,得出多个具有人性化、合理且高效的拆卸分配方案供决策者选择.At present,the actual disassembly line is still dominated by manual disassembly. The physical and mental load of workers will greatly affect the disassembly efficiency,and the overwork will damage the physical and mental health of workers.Therefore,a multi-objective disassembly line balance problem considering human factors was proposed,and a mathematical model was constructed to minimize the number of workstations,idle time balance index and energy consumption index as the optimization objective. Based on the characteristics of the problem,the improved beetle swarm algorithm was designed to enhance the optimization and convergence performance of the algorithm by introducing concentration detection operation,step size shifting operation and mutation operation.Several non-inferior solutions were obtained by using Pareto solution set and crowding distance mechanism.The model and the proposed algorithm were applied to the example of printer disassembly,and the proposed algorithm and various algorithms were used to solve the problem respectively. By comparing the results,the applicability and superiority of the proposed model and algorithm were verified. A number of humanized,rationalized and efficient disassembly distribution schemes were obtained for decision makers to choose.

关 键 词：拆卸线平衡 体力和脑力负荷 多目标优化 改进天牛群算法 建模 

分 类 号：TH165[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TP301.6[自动化与计算机技术—计算机系统结构]