枪弹伤致肢体开放性骨缺损合并海水浸泡兔模型的建立  

Establishment of rabbit model of open bone defect of limb caused by gunshot wound combined with seawater immersion

作　　者：陈肖松 张淦 刘胜杰 王智 陈聪聪 Chen Xiaosong;Zhang Gan;Liu Shengjie;Wang Zhi;Chen Congcong(First Department of Orthopedics,The 901 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army,Hefei 233031,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九〇一医院骨一科,合肥233031

出　　处：《创伤外科杂志》2022年第8期565-569,共5页Journal of Traumatic Surgery

基　　金：2018年军队后勤科研项目(CLB18J059)。

摘　　要：目的建立枪弹伤致肢体开放性骨缺损合并海水浸泡稳定性高的小型动物模型。方法按照随机数字表法将日本大耳家兔20只[体重(2.5±0.4)kg],分成A组(空白对照组)和B组(海水浸泡组),每组10只。于兔随机一侧后肢以运动手枪距离20cm进行枪击,造成股骨开放性骨缺损。A组旷置1h;B组将兔伤肢浸泡于人工海水1h。记录伤后即时及伤后1h两组动物呼吸、心率、血压等指标变化,行X线摄片,并统计伤后1h病死率。显微镜下观察伤道周围骨及软组织病理变化。结果两组动物在伤后均未出现死亡,实验动物均造成肢体穿透伤,X线片检查显示股骨干均出现粉碎性骨折,同时合并骨缺损。伤后1h,两组动物呼吸频率均升高,A组为(48.7±2.8)次/min,变化不明显(P>0.05),而B组为(51.2±3.5)次/min,变化明显(P<0.05);两组动物伤后1h心率均增高,A组心率为(231.0±7.0)次/min,变化无明显差异(P>0.05),B组为(235.4±5.8)次/min,有明显变化(P<0.05);A组动物收缩压及舒张压在伤后1h分别为(136.2±6.4)mmHg、(96.3±7.3)mmHg,无明显变化(P>0.05),B组分别为(155.7±9.1)mmHg、(117.0±7.2)mmHg,均有升高(P<0.05)。病理切片观察显示,两组动物患肢伤道周围部分肌纤维断裂,变性坏死,间质轻度水肿,血管淤血,各区均有不同程度的炎细胞浸润,但B组标本炎症反应、水肿程度及范围方面均较A组严重。结论枪弹伤致股骨开放性骨缺损合并海水浸泡的兔模型,模拟了海水环境下伤员四肢受到枪击后,出现开放性骨缺损,同时合并海水浸泡的伤情。模型稳定性好、可行性强,动物病死率低,适用于海水环境下四肢战创伤救治的相关研究。Objective To establish a small animal model of open bone defect of limb caused by gunshot wound and high stability of seawater immersion.Methods According to the random number table method,20 Japanese big ear rabbits[provided by Anhui Medical University,weight:(2.5±0.4)kg]were divided into group A and group B,with 10 rabbits in each group.Open bone defect of femur was caused by shooting on one random hindlimb of rabbit.Group A was left aside for 1 hour.In group B,the injured limbs of rabbits were immersed in artificial seawater for 1 hour.The changes of respiration,heart rate and blood pressure were recorded immediately after injury and 1 hour after injury.X-ray films were taken,and the mortality was counted.The pathological changes of bone and soft tissue around the wound canal were observed under microscope.Results The animals in group A and group B did not die after injury.The experimental animals were caused penetrating injury of limbs.X-ray examination showed comminuted fracture of femoral shaft and bone defect.One hour after injury,the respiratory rate of animals in group A and group B increased,there was no significant change in group A(48.7±2.8)times/minute(P>0.05),but there was significant change in group B(51.2±3.5)times/minute(P<0.05).The heart rate of animals in group A and group B increased at 1 hour after injury,there was no significant difference in the change of heart rate in group A(231.0±7.0)times/minute(P>0.05),but there was significant change in group B(235.4±5.8)times/minute(P<0.05).The systolic blood pressure(136.2±6.4)mmHg and diastolic blood pressure(96.3±7.3)mmHg of animals in group A did not change significantly at 1 hour after injury(P>0.05),but increased in group B[(155.7±9.1)mmHg and(117.0±7.2)mmHg],P<0.05.The observation of pathological sections showed that some muscle fibers around the injured limb in group A and group B were broken,denatured and necrotic,and observed interstitial mild edema,vascular congestion and inflammatory cell infiltration in varying degrees in all ar

关 键 词：枪弹伤 骨缺损 海水浸泡 动物模型 

分 类 号：R641[医药卫生—外科学]