‘嘎拉’苹果及其杂交后代对炭疽叶枯病的抗性机制分析  

Resistance Analysis of ‘Gala’ and F1 Individuals to Glomerella Leaf Spot

作　　者：何晓文 孟慧 张家虎 范昆[1] 李林光[1] HE Xiaowen;MENG Hui;ZHANG Jiahu;FAN Kun;LI Linguang(Shandong Institute of Pomology,Apple Genetic Breeding and Cultivation Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province,Taian,Shandong 271000,China;College of Life Sciences,Shandong Agricultural University,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology,Taian,Shandong 271000,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省果树研究所,山东省苹果遗传育种和栽培工程实验室,山东泰安271000 [2]山东农业大学生命科学学院,作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2022年第6期983-993,共11页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFD1001403-1);山东省农业良种工程项目(2019LZGC007);山东省自然科学基金青年项目(ZR2020QC147);山东省农科院农业科技创新工程(CXGC2021A03)。

摘　　要：为解析苹果对炭疽叶枯病的抗性机制,该研究以‘嘎拉’、‘藤牧1号’苹果及其杂交后代等87个苹果品种(系)为试验材料,进行田间调查及人工接种病菌并检测不同品种(系)中病菌生物量,利用SSR分子标记进行基因型鉴定,分析各品种(系)对炭疽叶枯病的抗性差异,利用荧光定量PCR及酶活检测比较分析水杨酸相关基因、抗性酶基因及酶活性水平差异。结果表明:(1)87个苹果品种(系)对苹果炭疽叶枯病的抗性差异明显,‘嘎拉’、‘2-5’、‘19-19’等品种(系)叶片发病严重,表现出对炭疽叶枯病的高感性,‘藤牧1号’、‘40-9’及‘16-16’等品种(系)叶片无病斑或病斑极少,炭疽叶枯病菌含量显著低于感病性品种(系),其抗性显著。(2)SSR标记S0405127和S0304673的基因型鉴定结果与田间表型调查结果相比,准确率分别为93.10%和91.95%,与人工接种结果相比,准确率分别为91.95%和95.40%。(3)SA相关基因的表达模式结果表明,接种炭疽叶枯病菌4 d后,‘藤牧1号’、‘40-9’及‘16-16’等抗性品种(系)中SA合成相关基因MdEDS1、MdPAD4和MdPAL被强烈诱导表达;同时,SA信号转导相关基因MdNPR1、MdPR1、MdPR5的表达显著高于‘嘎拉’等感病品种(系)。(4)接种炭疽叶枯病菌4 d后,‘藤牧1号’、‘40-9’及‘16-16’等抗性品种(系)的MdSOD、MdPOD酶基因表达水平及酶活性显著高于‘嘎拉’、‘2-5’、‘19-19’等感病品种(系)。研究认为,‘藤牧1号’、‘40-9’及‘16-16’等品种(系)通过调控水杨酸合成和信号转导通路及氧化还原相关反应等提高对炭疽叶枯病的抗性,为挖掘抗性基因以及利用优良种质选育抗病品种奠定了基础。To analyze the resistance mechanism of apple to Glomerella leaf spot, we analyzed 87 cultivars(lines) including ‘Gala’, ‘Mato’ and their Findividuals in this study. The field investigation, artificial inoculation, pathogen biomass detection, and SSR molecular marker identification were used to analyze the differences in resistance to Glomerella leaf spot in different varieties(or lines). The difference in salicylic acid resistance related genes, the defensive enzyme gene expression level, and the defensive enzyme activity were detected by the real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and the enzyme activity methods. The results showed that:(1) there were significant differences among 87 cultivars(lines) in resistance to Glomerella leaf spot. ‘Gala’, ‘2-5’, ‘19-19’ etc. had severe leaf disease phenotype and showed high susceptibility to Glomerella leaf spot. ‘Mato’, ‘40-9’ and ‘16-16’ etc. had no or very few leaf spots. The content of pathogen biomass was significantly lower than that of susceptible varieties(lines).(2) The accuracy of SSR markers S0405127 and S0304673 genotypes was 93.10% and 91.95%, 91.95% and 95.40%, respectively, compared with field phenotypic investigation results and artificial inoculation results.(3) The expression patterns of SA related genes showed that MdEDS1, MdPAD4 and MdPAL were strongly induced in resistant varieties(lines) such as ‘Mato’, ‘40-9’ and ‘16-16’ after inoculated for 4 days. Furthermore, the expression level of SA signal transduction related genes MdNPR1, MdPR1 and MdPR5 was significantly higher than those in susceptible varieties(lines) such as ‘Gala’.(4) After inoculated the pathogen for 4 days, the expression level of MdSOD and MdPOD and enzyme activities in ‘Mato’, ‘40-9’ and ‘16-16’ and other resistant varieties(lines) were significantly higher than those in susceptible varieties(lines) such as ‘Gala’, ‘2-5’ and ‘19-19’. These results preliminarily showed that salicylic acid synthesis, signal transd

关 键 词：苹果 杂交 炭疽叶枯病 水杨酸 氧化还原 

分 类 号：Q945.78[生物学—植物学] Q786[农业科学—植物病理学] S432.21[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]