《民法典》见义勇为条款中受益人补偿义务之解释  

Explanation of the Beneficiary’s Compensation Obligation in the Courageous Provisions of the Civil Code

作　　者：曹舒然 Cao Shuran

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学法律学院,上海201620

出　　处：《行政与法》2022年第7期64-76,共13页Administration and Law

摘　　要：在《民法典》见义勇为条款中,受益人补偿义务被明显加重,急需辅以合理的限制。虽然在诸多限制理论中风险归属理论最为可取,然其限制力度尚存不足,须结合主体扩张思想共同发挥效用。主体扩张可以分为侵权主体扩张和受益主体扩张,前者的扩张对象为侵害受益人权利之人,后者的扩张对象为从救助行为中受益的国家及社会组织。其中,侵权主体扩张通过与受益人补偿顺位相关规定结合,能够最为有效地减免受益人补偿义务;受益主体扩张表现为国家机关或社会组织向救助人提供抚恤性补偿,若该补偿能够涵盖救助人的全部损失,则受益人就无实际承担义务之虞。In the courageous provisions of the Civil Code,the beneficiary’s compensation obligation is obviously aggravated,and it is urgently needed to be supplemented by reasonable restrictions.Although the theory of risk attribution is the most desirable among many restriction theories,its restriction is still insufficient,and it must be combined with the idea of subject expansion to exert its effectiveness.The expansion of the subject can be divided into the expansion of the infringing subject and the expansion of the benefiting subject.The former is aimed at the people who infringe the rights of the beneficiaries,while the latter is aimed at the countries and social organizations that benefit from the rescue.Among them,the expansion of the infringing subject can most effectively reduce the compensation obligation of the beneficiary by combining with the relevant provisions of the beneficiary’s compensation order.The expansion of the beneficiary is manifested by the state organs or social organizations providing the rescuer with pension compensation.If the compensation can cover all the losses of the rescuer,the beneficiary will not actually assume the obligation.

关 键 词：见义勇为 无因管理 受益人补偿义务 风险归责理论 主体扩张 

分 类 号：D932[政治法律—法学]