Diagnostics for a troubled backbone:testing topological hypotheses of trapelioid lichenized fungi in a large-scale phylogeny of Ostropomycetidae(Lecanoromycetes)  

作　　者：Philipp Resl Kevin Schneider Martin Westberg Christian Printzen Zdeněk Palice Göran Thor Alan Fryday Helmut Mayrhofer Toby Spribille 

机构地区：[1]Institute of Plant Sciences,NAWI Graz,University of Graz,Holteigasse 6,A-8010 Graz,Austria [2]Department of Botany,Swedish Museum of Natural History,P.O.Box 50007,SE-10405 Stockholm,Sweden [3]Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum,Senckenberganlage 25,D-60325 Frankfurt am Main,Germany [4]Institute of Botany,Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic,Zámek 1,25243 Průhonice,Czech Republic [5]Department of Botany,Faculty of Sciences,Charles University in Prague,Benátská2,12801 Praha 2,Czech Republic [6]Department of Ecology,Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences,P.O.Box 7044,SE-75007 Uppsala,Sweden [7]Herbarium,Department of Plant Biology,Michigan State University,East Lansing,MI 48824,USA [8]Division of Biological Sciences,University of Montana,32 Campus Drive,Missoula,MT 59812,USA

出　　处：《Fungal Diversity》2015年第4期239-258,共20页真菌多样性（英文）

基　　金：We would like to thank the numerous individuals who provided specimens for DNA sequencing for this study,including A.Acton,A.Aptroot,C.Björk,B.Coppins,G.Kantvilas,J.McCarthy,B.McCune,L.Muggia,O.Peksa,S.Pérez-Ortega,T.Tønsberg,P.van den Boom and the curators of F,GZU,O and UPS.Thanks go to Walter Obermayer,Graz,for performing thin layer chromatography on several specimens.Fernando Fernández-Mendoza and Martin Grube provided helpful comments at earlier stages of this project.We also thank Joseph Ryan for help with troubleshooting the SOWHAT analyses.DNA sequencing of Alaskan specimens was funded in part by a materials contribution from the Tongass National Forest,U.S.Department of Agriculture,courtesy of K.Dillman,for which we are grateful.The project was funded by the Austrian Science Foundation(FWF grant P25237,BEvolution of Substrate Specificity in Lichens^).The work by MW was financed by the Swedish Taxonomy Initiative(Svenska Artprojektet,administered by the Swedish Species Information Centre/ArtDatabanken).CP gratefully acknowledges financial support through the program BLOEWE-LandesOffensive zur Entwicklung wissenschaftlich-ökonomischer Exzellenz^of the Hessen Ministry of Higher Education,Research,and the Arts.ZP thanks for the support by the Czech Academy of Science(AV0Z60050516,RVO 67985939)and the Minsitry of Education,Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic.

摘　　要：Trapelioid fungi constitute a widespread group of mostly crust-forming lichen mycobionts that are key to understanding the early evolutionary splits in the Ostropomycetidae,the second-most species-rich subclass of lichenized Ascomycota.The uncertain phylogenetic resolution of the approximately 170 species referred to this group contributes to a poorly resolved backbone for the entire subclass.Based on a data set including 657 newly generated sequences from four ribosomal and four protein-coding gene loci,we tested a series of a priori and new evolutionary hypotheses regarding the relationships of trapelioid clades within Ostropomycetidae.We found strong support for a monophyletic group of nine core trapelioid genera but no statistical support to reject the long-standing hypothesis that trapelioid genera are sister to Baeomycetaceae or Hymeneliaceae.However,we can reject a sister group relationship to Ostropales with high confidence.Our data also shed light on several longstanding questions,recovering Anamylopsoraceae nested within Baeomycetaceae,elucidating two major monophyletic groups within trapelioids(recognized here as Trapeliaceae and Xylographaceae),and rejecting the monophyly of the genus Rimularia.We transfer eleven species of the latter genus to Lambiella and describe the genus Parainoa to accommodate a previously misunderstood species of Trapeliopsis.Past phylogenetic studies in Ostropomycetidae have invoked Bdivergence order^for drawing taxonomic conclusions on higher level taxa.Our data show that if backbone support is lacking,contrasting solutions may be recovered with different or added data.We accordingly urge caution in concluding evolutionary relationships from unresolved phylogenies.

关 键 词：ASCOMYCOTA FUNGI Lambiella LECANOROMYCETES Ostropomycetidae Parainoa PARAPHYLY SOWH test Taxon sampling 

分 类 号：Q94[生物学—植物学]