天目山毛竹林皆伐后群落的恢复特征  

Restoration characteristics of community after clear-cutting of Phyllostachys edulis stands in Mount Tianmu

作　　者：陈旭 刘宗悦 徐钧杰 祁祥斌 余树全[1] CHEN Xu;LIU Zongyue;XU Junjie;QI Xiangbin;YU Shuquan(College of Forestry and Biotechnology,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,Zhejiang,China;Management Office,National Nature Reserve of Mount Tianmu,Hangzhou 311311,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学林业与生物技术学院,浙江杭州311300 [2]浙江天目山国家级自然保护区管理局,浙江杭州311311

出　　处：《浙江农林大学学报》2022年第4期705-716,共12页Journal of Zhejiang A&F University

基　　金：天目山国家级自然保护区生物多样性长期监测样地建设项目(LZC-FS-2017-26001)。

摘　　要：【目的】近年来,毛竹Phyllostachys edulis的不断扩张已经对森林的物种多样性和生态系统稳定性造成严重威胁,因此对毛竹林的更新管理研究受到广泛关注。对天目山毛竹林进行皆伐处理,研究分析植物群落自然恢复过程中物种组成、树种特性和物种多样性的动态变化特征,旨在促进天目山物种多样性的保护与恢复。【方法】基于天目山毛竹林皆伐后植物群落自然恢复过程中2018—2020年的定位监测数据,研究分析了植物群落的科属种组成、优势种的变化、树种功能特征组成、物种多样性等恢复特征。【结果】(1)物种组成丰富且变化剧烈:乔木层有45科、86属、131种,灌木层有65科、137属、224种,草本层有45科、99属、135种;2020年与2018年相比,乔木层变化不大,但灌木层和草本层物种数快速下降,分别下降了54.1%和65.5%。(2)乔木层优势种均为落叶树种,并且大部分优势种的年均种群大小变化率的绝对值都高于10%;灌木层优势种主要为山茶科Theaceae和蔷薇科Rosaceae植物;草本层的优势种主要为莎草科Cyperaceae和禾本科Gramineae植物;(3)毛竹皆伐后群落以落叶树种为主,其种数与株数在群落中的占比分别约为80%和90%;不同生长型及光耐受性树种的种数占比变化不大,但中性与阴性树种的株数大幅增加,增长率分别为88.1%、56.2%;(4)乔木层的物种多样性随时间变化无显著差异并且呈现小幅上升的趋势;灌木层的Shannon指数和Margalef丰富度均显著降低,Pielou均匀度显著增高(P<0.05);草本层的Shannon多样性、Simpson指数和Margalef丰富度均显著降低,Pielou均匀度无显著差异。【结论】天目山毛竹林皆伐后的群落自然恢复过程中,物种组成丰富,物种多样性恢复效果明显,因此,毛竹林皆伐是恢复和保护天目山国家级自然保护区生物多样性的一种可行方法,同时也可用于提高亚热带毛竹林蔓延扩张区域的生[Objective]The continuous expansion of Phyllostachys edulisin recent years has severely threatened the species diversity and ecosystem stability of the forest.Therefore,the research on the renewal and management of Ph.edulis forest has attracted extensive attention.The purpose of this study is to analyze the dynamic changes of species composition,tree species characteristics and species diversity in the natural restoration process of the community through clear cutting of Ph.edulis stands in Mount Tianmu,so as to promote the protection and restoration of species diversity.[Method]Based on the location monitoring data from 2018 to 2020 in the natural restoration process of the community after clear cutting in Mount Tianmu,the restoration characteristics of plant community,such as composition of family,genus and species,changes of dominant species,the functional characteristic composition of tree species and species diversity were studied.[Result](1) The species composition was rich and varied sharply:45 families,86 genera,and 131 species were found in the arbor layer,65 families,137 genera,and 224 species in the shrub layer,and 45 families,99 genera,and 135 species in the herb layer.Compared with 2018,there was little change in the arbor layer in 2020,but the number of species in the shrub layer and herb layer decreased rapidly,by 54.1%and 65.5%,respectively.(2) The dominant species in tree layer were deciduous species,and the absolute value of the annual average population size change rate of most dominant species exceeded 10%.The dominant species in shrub layer were Theaceae and Rosaceae.The dominant species in the herb layer were Cyperaceae and Gramineae.(3) After clear cutting,community was dominated by deciduous tree species,and the proportion of species and plants in the community was about 80%and 90%respectively.The proportion of species of different growth types and light-tolerant species had little change,but the number of plants of neutral and negative species increased significantly,withgrowth rates of

关 键 词：毛竹林 皆伐 自然恢复 物种组成 

分 类 号：S718.54[农业科学—林学]