生物预处理秸秆纤维特性及复合材料的性能研究  

Properties of bio-pretreated straw fiber and its composite materials

作　　者：杜珂珂 雍宬 孙恩惠[1,3] 黄红英 曲萍[1,3] 徐跃定 陈玲[1,3] 孙倩 关明杰[2] DU Keke;YONG Cheng;SUN Enhui;HUANG Hongying;QU Ping;XU Yueding;CHEN Ling;SUN Qian;GUAN Mingjie(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,Jiangsu,China;College of Materials Science and Engineering,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,Jiangsu,China;Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,江苏南京210014 [2]南京林业大学材料科学与工程学院,江苏南京210037 [3]南京农业大学江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化利用协同创新中心,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《浙江农林大学学报》2022年第4期869-875,共7页Journal of Zhejiang A&F University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(21808093);江苏省农业科技创新基金资助项目[CX(19)2003];江苏省重点研发计划(现代农业)(BE2020335)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究生物预处理对秸秆纤维及其与脲醛树脂制备的复合材料性能的影响,为秸秆基复合材料的制备及发展提供理论依据。【方法】接种微生物菌剂(秸秆腐熟剂)对水稻Oryza sativa秸秆进行好氧发酵处理,测定不同处理时间下水稻秸秆中半纤维素、纤维素、木质素等的变化,测试并对比未经生物改性处理秸秆纤维(S_(0))、经生物改性处理5(S_(5))和10 d(S_(10))秸秆纤维的结晶度和微观形貌,制备秸秆纤维/脲醛树脂复合材料,分别标记为F_(0)、F_(5)、F_(10),比较不同生物预处理时间下秸秆基复合材料的表面性能和力学性能。【结果】改性处理后秸秆表面的硅和蜡等物质被去除,但较长的生物改性处理时间(10 d)会破坏秸秆纤维自身结构。相比于S_(0)和S_(10),S_(5)的纤维素相对含量最高,为37.99%,结晶度也最好,为47.8%。3种秸秆基复合材料中F_(5)疏水性最好,表面能最低,冲击韧性最大(7665.64 J·m^(-2));F_(10)抗弯性能更好,静曲强度和弹性模量分别为27.73和20354 MPa,相比F_(0)分别提高了59.00%和50.17%。【结论】生物改性处理可以改善秸秆纤维的表面性质,提高秸秆纤维/脲醛树脂复合材料的性能,生物改性处理5 d的秸秆纤维更好,制备的复合材料性能更优良。图4表1参28。[Objective]This study aims to explore the influence of biological pretreatment on the properties of straw fiber and its composites prepared with urea formaldehyde resin,so as to provide theoretical basis for the preparation and development of straw based composites.[Method]Rice(Oryza sativa)straw was treated with microbial agent for aerobic fermentation.The changes of hemicellulose,cellulose and lignin in rice straw under different treatment time were measured.The crystallinity and microscopic morphology of straw fiber withou biological pretreatment(S_(0)),straw fiber bio-pretreated for 5 days(S_(5))and 10 days(S_(10))were tested and compared.Straw fiber/urea formaldehyde resin composites(F_(0),F_(5),F_(10))were prepared.Then the surface properties and mechanical properties of straw based composites under different biological pretreatment time were compared.[Result]Substances such as silicon and wax on the surface of straw fiber were removed after biological pretreatment,but the longer biological pretreatment time(10 d)could destroy the structure of straw fiber itself.Compared with S_(0)and S_(10),S_(5)had the highest relative content of cellulose(37.99%)and bes crystallinity(47.8%).In contrast,F_(5)had the best hydrophobicity,lowest surface energy,and highest impac toughness(7665.64 J·m^(-2)).F_(10)had the best flexural performance.The static flexural strength and flexura modulus were 27.73 and 20354 MPa,respectively,which were 59.00%and 50.17%higher than the composites prepared by S_(0),respectively.[Conclusion]Biological pretreatment can improve the surface properties of straw fiber and the properties of straw fiber/urea formaldehyde resin composites.The straw fiber bio-pretreated for 5days is better,and the properties of the composites are superior.[Ch,4 fig.1 tab.28 ref.]

关 键 词：秸秆纤维 生物改性 复合材料 表面性能 力学性能 

分 类 号：S216[农业科学—农业机械化工程]