稻作生产中水、肥、药高效利用及对水稻的影响研究进展  

Research Progress on Efficient Utilization of Water,Fertilizer and Pesticide in Rice Production and Their Effects on Rice

作　　者：李文秀 周行 刘琅 吴朝晖 LI Wenxiu;ZHOU Hang;LIU Lang;WU Zhaohui(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center,Changsha 410125,China;College of Tropical Crops,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]湖南杂交水稻研究中心,湖南长沙410125 [3]海南大学热带作物学院,海南海口570228

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2022年第6期1-12,共12页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301504)。

摘　　要：水稻是我国主要粮食作物之一,其产量和品质受水、肥、药的影响,但我国水、肥、药的利用率较低,造成资源浪费和环境污染。因此,研究水、肥、药高效利用技术及其对水稻产量、品质的影响具有重要的现实意义。综述了水分高效利用技术(干湿交替灌溉、覆盖旱种、强化栽培体系)、氮肥高效利用技术(改进施肥方法、改变肥料形态、氮肥的最佳施用量和施用时期)、农药高效利用技术(改进喷药方式、生物农药)和水、肥、药协同高效利用技术(水肥互作、减肥减药技术)及对水稻产量、品质的影响,并指出了该领域存在的问题及未来研究方向。Rice is one of the major food crops in China,and its yield and quality are affected by water,fertilizer and pesticide,but the utilization rate of water,fertilizer and pesticide is low in China,resulting in waste of resources and environmental pollution. Therefore,it is of great practical significance to study the efficient utilization technology of water,fertilizer and pesticide and its effect on rice yield and quality. In this paper,we reviewed the efficient utilization technologies of water(dry-wet alternate irrigation,ground cover rice production system,system of rice intensification),efficient utilization technologies of nitrogen fertilizer(improving fertilization methods,changing fertilizer morphology,optimal application amount and application period of nitrogen fertilizer),efficient utilization technologies of pesticides(improving spray methods,biological pesticide)and collaborative and efficient utilization technologies of water,fertilizer and pesticide(water-fertilizer interaction,technique of reduction of fertilizer and pesticide)and their effects on rice yield and quality,and pointed out the problems in this field and future research directions.

关 键 词：水稻 水、肥、药 高效利用 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]