生物炭和菌剂对羊粪微好氧堆肥腐熟度和温室气体排放的影响  

Effects of biochar and microbial inoculum on maturity and greenhouse gas emissions during microaerobic composting of sheep manure

作　　者：杨佳 王国英 唐若兰 王佳妮 马若男 李国学 袁京 Yang Jia;Wang Guoying;Tang Ruolan;Wang Jiani;Ma Ruonan;Li Guoxue;Yuan Jing(Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation,College of Resource and Environmental Science,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院农田土壤污染防控与修复北京市重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2022年第10期224-231,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-39-19);三亚崖州湾科技城管理局资助项目(SYND-2021-09)。

摘　　要：为探究微好氧堆肥方式对羊粪堆肥腐熟度和温室气体排放的影响,该研究以纯羊粪为研究对象,设置对照(CK)、生物炭添加(BC)和VT菌剂添加处理(MC)3个处理,在60 L的敞口发酵罐中进行42 d的堆肥试验,堆肥前14 d微量间歇强制通风,后28d停止强制通风。结果表明:羊粪微好氧堆肥均能满足种子发芽指数(GerminationIndex,GI)≥70%、pH值不小于8等腐熟标准,与CK相比,BC和MC处理分别提高27.8%和38.8%的GI,并延长堆肥高温期至10 d以上,满足堆肥无害化和腐熟标准。NH_(3)、CH_(4)和N_(2)O排放集中在前14 d,排放速率主要受温度、腐熟度等理化性质影响,且添加外源功能材料可不同程度减少气体排放量,其中添加生物炭使NH_(3)、CH_(4)和N_(2)O排放量分别减少38.68%、14.26%和31.54%,总温室效应降低31.11%;菌剂添加降低18.41%的NH_(3)排放,增加21.10%的N_(2)O排放,总温室效应增加20.70%。因此,在羊粪微好氧过程,生物炭作为调理剂可促进堆肥腐熟,减少堆肥过程温室气体排放,加速有机质矿化和腐殖化,增加堆肥产品养分含量,为羊粪轻简化堆肥提供数据支撑。The livestock manure was effectively harmless and resourced by aerobic composting.However,during the aerobic composting process,a large amount of volatile gases are produced due to the isomerization of microorganisms,which is harmful to the environment and leads to serious loss of nutrients such as carbon and nitrogen,affecting the improvement of organic fertilizer quality.Therefore,it is necessary to adjust aerobic composting process parameters to reduce pollution gas emissions to fix carbon and nitrogen elements and improve maturity.Based on the previous research results,does the adjustment of ventilation rate to meet the normal oxygen demand of microorganisms help to degrade organic matter and reduce the emission of pollutants during composting? Based on this assumption,this study monitored compost maturity,gas emission and emission law by adjusting the low ventilation rate of 0.1 L/(kg·min) at the early stage of composting and setting intermittent ventilation mode and stopping ventilation at the late stage of composting.At the same time,biochar and microbial agents were added to strengthen the composting process.In order to investigate comprehensively the effects of exogenous materials(biochar addition and VT microbial inoculum) addition on maturity and greenhouse gas(NH_(3),CH_(4) and N_(2)O)emissions during composting under low ventilation conditions.Three treatments were conducted in 60 L composting equipment for 42 days,pure sheep manure(CK) was set as control,which added with biochar(BC) and VT microbial inoculum(MC),respectively,as two treatments.In order to simulate the microaerobic environment,lower and intermittent ventilation rate was supplied during initial 14 days of composting,and stopped the ventilation in the rest of 28 days,Ventilation rate is 0.1 L/(kg·min).Results indicated that all treatments could meet the mature standard,such as germination index(GI)≥70%,pH≥8 and so on.Comparing with CK,BC and MC could improve GI by 27.8% and 38.8%,respectively,and prolonged the thermophilic phase t

关 键 词：温室气体 生物炭 微好氧堆肥 羊粪 VT菌剂 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]