压卡制冷材料及技术的现状与展望  

Status and Prospect of Barocaloric Materials and Refrigeration Technology

作　　者：宋睿琪 张志东[1] 李昺[1] Song Ruiqi;Zhang Zhidong;Li Bing(Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science,Institute of Metal Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang,110016,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院金属研究所沈阳材料科学国家研究中心,沈阳110016

出　　处：《制冷学报》2022年第4期35-43,共9页Journal of Refrigeration

基　　金：中国科学院前沿基础研究计划“从0到1”原始创新项目(ZDBS-LY-JSC002);中国科学院国际合作伙伴计划项目(174321KYSB20200008)资助

摘　　要：压卡制冷材料是一类由压力驱动材料发生固态相变而释放/吸收相变潜热的固体材料。压卡制冷技术是以压卡材料为工质、以压力作为驱动力构建的新兴固态制冷技术。本文从压卡效应基本热力学、压卡材料体系和压卡制冷样机三个方面简要论述该领域的发展现状。近年来压卡材料体系蓬勃发展,涉及金属、无机非金属、有机物、有机-无机杂化材料等。庞压卡效应的发现使有机塑晶材料备受关注,因其大熵变、低驱动压力、成本低廉等优点成为最有希望获得应用的一类材料。相比于此,制冷样机的研制则略显滞后。样机设计中需要解决的核心问题是力-热的有效耦合,选择高导热系数流体作为传热及传压介质,通过调整流体的压力和流速,同时优化压卡制冷工质的几何构型有望获得最佳力-热有效耦合条件。在单级制冷的基础上,采用主动回热式压卡制冷方式可实现连续制冷。Barocaloric materials are a class of materials in which pressure can induce solid-state phase transitions with latent heat release or absorption.An emergent barocaloric refrigeration technology has been established using barocaloric materials as the working substance and pressure as the driving force.Herein,we briefly review the fundamental thermodynamics of the barocaloric effect,barocaloric materials,and barocaloric refrigeration technology.In recent years,many barocaloric materials have been developed,including metals and inorganic,organic,and inorganic-organic hybrid materials.Organic plastic crystals have garnered worldwide attention owing to the discovery of the colossal barocaloric effect in these materials.The combination of greater entropy changes,smaller driving pressures,and lower costs renders these materials promising candidates for barocaloric refrigeration applications.However,barocaloric refrigeration technology has not been investigated extensively.The most critical issue in developing a prototype barocaloric refrigerator is to effectively couple the heat transfer with the pressurization/depressurization.Such coupling can be obtained by selecting a fluid with high thermal conductivity as the heat transfer and pressure conducting medium,adjusting the pressure and flow rate,and optimizing the geometry of the barocaloric materials embedded in the fluid.Additionally,based on a single-stage cooling system,an active barocaloric regenerative prototype refrigerator can be developed for continuous refrigeration applications.

关 键 词：固态相变 压卡制冷技术 塑晶材料 

分 类 号：TB611[一般工业技术—制冷工程] TB64