空气制冷机的研究和发展  

Review on Research and Development of Air Cycle Refrigeration System

作　　者：郭宪民[1] 徐泽鹏 赵硕[1] 徐瀚洲 Guo Xianmin;Xu Zepeng;Zhao Shuo;Xu Hanzhou(Tianjin Key Laboratory of Refrigeration Technology,Tianjin University of Commerce,Tianjin,300134,China)

机构地区：[1]天津商业大学天津市制冷技术重点实验室,天津300134

出　　处：《制冷学报》2022年第4期44-58,共15页Journal of Refrigeration

摘　　要：空气是对环境最友好的制冷剂,空气制冷系统可以自由地从环境中获取或从系统向环境排放制冷剂;同时,空气制冷机组对系统密封性要求较低,因此其可靠性高,维护性好,在飞机环境控制系统中得到了广泛应用。本文介绍了空气制冷系统的循环方式和基本特性,总结了系统的性能分析、实验研究及系统关键部件的研究现状,对空气循环制冷系统在空调、热泵、冷冻冷藏、飞机环境控制系统及储能领域的应用进行了综述,并对关键技术的发展应用进行了分析。总体而言,近几十年来,随着涡轮机械设计制造技术、高效换热技术、高速电机技术的进步,空气制冷技术得到快速发展,系统结构更加紧凑,在列车空调、冷冻/冷藏运输领域得到了越来越广泛的应用。在制冷温度为-100~-50℃范围内空气制冷系统的COP高于传统复叠式制冷系统,因此,空气制冷系统在食品速冻领域具有显著优势,同时,在储能、热泵等领域具有较大的应用潜力。Air is an environmentally friendly refrigerant that can be charged into the air cycle refrigeration(ACR)system from the ambi-ent or discharged from the system to the ambient unrestrictedly.The ACR system is widely used in environmental control systems(ECSs)of airplanes,owing to its compact structure,low sealing requirements,high reliability,and easy maintenance.Herein,the configurations and basic characteristics of the ACR system are introduced.Research status concerning the performance analysis,experiments,and key components of the ACR system are summarized.Applications in the fields of air-conditioning,heat pumps,food freezing and refrigeration,airplane ECSs,and energy storage are reviewed.The development and application of key technologies for the ACR system are evaluated.ACR technology has developed rapidly corresponding to the significant progress in the design and manufacturing technology of turbomachin-ery,efficient heat exchangers,and high-speed motor technology in recent decades.The ACR system is compact and widely used in train air-conditioning and refrigeration systems.The coefficient of performance(COP)of the ACR system is higher than that of the conventional cascade refrigeration system in the refrigeration temperature ranging from-100℃to-50℃;therefore,the ACR system is advantageous for food freezing and cold storage.Moreover,the ACR system exhibits significant potential in heat pumps and energy storage applications.

关 键 词：空气制冷 涡轮冷却器 板式换热器 关键技术 

分 类 号：TB614[一般工业技术—制冷工程] TB651